Laser yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ƙirƙira na ɗan adam, wanda aka sani da "haske mafi haske". A rayuwar yau da kullun, sau da yawa muna iya ganin aikace-aikacen laser daban-daban, kamar kyawun laser, walda laser, maganin kashe sauro na laser, da sauransu. A yau, bari mu fahimci cikakken bayani game da lasers da ƙa'idodin da ke tattare da samar da su.
Menene laser?
Laser tushen haske ne wanda ke amfani da laser don samar da hasken haske na musamman. Laser yana samar da hasken lasing ta hanyar shigar da makamashi daga tushen haske na waje ko tushen wuta zuwa cikin kayan ta hanyar tsarin hasken da aka kunna.
Laser na'urar gani ce da ta ƙunshi wani abu mai aiki (kamar iskar gas, mai ƙarfi, ko ruwa) wanda zai iya ƙara haske da kuma na'urar haskaka haske. Ma'aunin aiki a cikin laser yawanci abu ne da aka zaɓa kuma aka sarrafa, kuma halayensa suna ƙayyade tsawon fitowar laser.
Hasken da lasers ke samarwa yana da wasu halaye na musamman:
Da farko, lasers haske ne mai kama da monochromatic tare da mitoci masu tsauri da tsayin tsayi, waɗanda zasu iya biyan wasu buƙatu na musamman na gani.
Na biyu, hasken laser haske ne mai daidaituwa, kuma matakin raƙuman haske yana da daidaito sosai, wanda zai iya kiyaye ƙarfin haske mai daidaito a tsawon nisa.
Abu na uku, na'urorin laser suna da haske mai matuƙar jagora tare da ƙananan hasken haske da kuma kyakkyawan mayar da hankali, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don cimma babban ƙudurin sarari.
Laser shine tushen haske
Ka'idar samar da laser
Samar da laser ya ƙunshi muhimman hanyoyin jiki guda uku: hasken da ke motsa jiki, fitar da iskar da ba ta dace ba, da kuma sha.
Sradiation mai kunnawa
Hasken da aka ƙarfafa shi ne mabuɗin samar da laser. Lokacin da wani electron mai ƙarfin kuzari ya motsa ta hanyar wani photon, yana fitar da photon mai irin wannan kuzari, mita, lokaci, yanayin polarization, da kuma alkiblar yaɗuwa a alkiblar wannan photon. Wannan tsari ana kiransa radiation mai ƙarfafawa. Wato, photon zai iya "ƙira" photon iri ɗaya ta hanyar tsarin radiation mai ƙarfafawa, ta haka ne zai cimma haɓaka haske.
Sfitar da iskar gas mai ƙarfi
Idan electron na atom, ion, ko molecule ya sauya daga matakin makamashi mai girma zuwa ƙaramin matakin makamashi, yana fitar da photons na wani adadin kuzari, wanda ake kira spontaneous emission. Fitar da irin waɗannan photons ɗin bazuwar ne, kuma babu daidaito tsakanin photons ɗin da aka fitar, wanda ke nufin matakinsu, yanayin polarization, da alkiblar yaɗuwa duk bazuwar ne.
Sshan ruwa mai tsari
Idan electron a matakin makamashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi ya sha photon mai bambancin matakin makamashi daidai da nasa, ana iya motsa shi zuwa matakin makamashi mai girma. Wannan tsari ana kiransa shaƙar da aka ƙarfafa.
A cikin na'urorin laser, yawanci ana amfani da rami mai haske wanda ya ƙunshi madubai biyu masu layi ɗaya don haɓaka tsarin hasken da ke motsawa. Madubi ɗaya madubi ne mai cikakken haske, ɗayan kuma madubi ne mai rabin haske, wanda zai iya ba da damar wani ɓangare na laser ya ratsa ta.
Photons ɗin da ke cikin na'urar laser suna yin nuni a tsakanin madubai biyu, kuma kowane haske yana samar da ƙarin photons ta hanyar tsarin hasken da aka ƙarfafa, ta haka ne ake samun ƙaruwar haske. Lokacin da ƙarfin haske ya ƙaru zuwa wani mataki, ana samar da laser ta hanyar madubin da ke nuna haske a rabin lokaci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-07-2023
