Laser ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kugadzirwa kwevanhu, inozivikanwa se "chiedza chinopenya".Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, isu tinogona kazhinji kuona akasiyana laser application, senge laser runako, laser welding, laser mosquito mhondi, zvichingodaro.Nhasi, ngativei neruzivo rwakadzama rwema lasers uye nheyo dziri kumashure kwechizvarwa chavo.

Chii chinonzi laser?

Laser imwenje sosi inoshandisa laser kugadzira yakakosha danda rechiedza.Laser inogadzira mwenje wakadzika nekuisa simba kubva kune yekunze mwenje sosi kana sosi yemagetsi mukati mechinhu kuburikidza nekuita kwemwaranzi inokurudzirwa.

Laser mudziyo wekuona unoumbwa nesvikiro rinoshanda (senge gasi, rakasimba, kana mvura) rinokwanisa kukwidziridza mwenje uye rinoratidzira rekuona.Iyo inoshanda svikiro mune laser inowanzova yakasarudzwa uye yakagadziriswa zvinhu, uye maitiro ayo anosarudza kubuda kwewavelength yelaser.

Chiedza chinogadzirwa ne lasers chine akati wandei akasiyana maitiro:

Chekutanga, lasers mwenje wemonochromatic ane akanyanya kuomarara mafrequency uye wavelengths, ayo anogona kusangana nezvimwe zvakakosha zvekuona zvinodiwa.

Kechipiri, laser mwenje wakabatana, uye chikamu chemafungu emwenje chinopindirana, icho chinogona kuchengetedza kugadzikana kusimba kwechiedza pamusoro pemadaro marefu.

Yetatu, ma lasers akanyanya kutungamira mwenje ane akatetepa matanda uye yakanakisa kutarisa, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuwana yakakwirira spatial resolution.

Laser inzvimbo yechiedza

The musimboti Laser chizvarwa

Kugadzirwa kwelaser kunosanganisira matatu ekutanga maitiro emuviri: inosimudzira mwaranzi, inongoerekana yabuda, uye inosimudzira kunyudzwa.

Stimulated radiation

Stimulated radiation ndiyo kiyi yekugadzira laser.Kana erekitironi iri padanho repamusoro resimba richinakirwa neimwe fotoni, inoburitsa photon ine simba rakafanana, frequency, phase, polarization state, uye nzira yekuparadzira yakanangana neiyo photon.Iyi nzira inonzi stimulated radiation.Izvi zvinoreva kuti, photon inogona "kuvhara" fotoni yakafanana kuburikidza nekuita kwemwaranzi inokurudzirwa, nekudaro ichiwana kukwidziridzwa kwechiedza.

Spontaneous emission

Apo atomu, ayoni, kana kuti maerekitironi emorekuru paanochinja kubva pamwero wesimba rakakwirira kuenda kumwero wesimba rakaderera, anobudisa maphoton emwero wakati wesimba, unonzi kungoerekana wabuda.Kuburitswa kwemafotoni akadaro hakuna kurongeka, uye hapana kuwirirana pakati pemafotoni akaburitswa, zvinoreva kuti chikamu chavo, nyika yepolarization, uye nzira yekuparadzira zvese zvakangoitika.

Stimulated kubatwa

Kana erekitironi iri padanho resimba rakaderera inobata photon ine simba remusiyano wakaenzana neyayo, inogona kufara kusvika kune yakakwirira simba.Iyi nzira inonzi stimulated absorption.

Mune lasers, mhango ine resonant inoumbwa nemagirazi maviri anofanana inowanzo shandiswa kusimudzira iyo inosimudzira radiation maitiro.Rimwe girazi girazi rinoratidzira rakazara, uye rimwe girazi igirazi rinoratidzira, iro rinogona kubvumira chikamu chelaser kupfuura.

Iwo mafotoni ari mukati me laser medium anoratidza nekudzoka pakati pemagirazi maviri, uye ratidziro yega yega inoburitsa akawanda mafotoni kuburikidza neyakakurudzirwa radiation process, nekudaro kuwana kukwidziridzwa kwechiedza.Kana kusimba kwechiedza kuchiwedzera kune imwe nhanho, laser inogadzirwa kuburikidza nehafu inoratidzira girazi.