Laser ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zaumunthu, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "kuwala kowala kwambiri".M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, nthawi zambiri timatha kuwona ntchito zosiyanasiyana za laser, monga kukongola kwa laser, kuwotcherera kwa laser, opha udzudzu wa laser, ndi zina zotero.Lero, tiyeni timvetsetse mwatsatanetsatane ma lasers ndi mfundo zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa m'badwo wawo.

Kodi laser ndi chiyani?

Laser ndi gwero lowala lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito laser kupanga kuwala kwapadera.Laser imapanga kuwala kowala polowetsa mphamvu kuchokera ku gwero lakunja kapena gwero lamagetsi kupita kuzinthuzo kudzera munjira ya radiation yolimbikitsa.

Laser ndi chipangizo chowunikira chomwe chimakhala ndi sing'anga yogwira ntchito (monga gasi, yolimba, kapena yamadzimadzi) yomwe imatha kukulitsa kuwala ndi chowunikira.Sing'anga yogwira mu laser nthawi zambiri imakhala chinthu chosankhidwa ndikukonzedwa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amatsimikizira kutalika kwa laser.

Kuwala kopangidwa ndi ma laser kuli ndi mawonekedwe angapo apadera:

Choyamba, ma lasers ndi kuwala kwa monochromatic komwe kumakhala ndi ma frequency okhwima kwambiri komanso mafunde amphamvu, omwe amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina zapadera.

Kachiwiri, laser ndi kuwala kogwirizana, ndipo gawo la mafunde a kuwala ndilofanana kwambiri, lomwe limatha kukhalabe ndi kuwala kokhazikika pamtunda wautali.

Chachitatu, ma lasers ndi kuwala kolowera kwambiri komwe kumakhala ndi mizati yopapatiza kwambiri komanso kuyang'ana bwino kwambiri, komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kukwaniritsa kusamvana kwakukulu.

Laser ndi gwero lowala

Mfundo ya laser generation

Kupanga laser kumaphatikizapo njira zitatu zoyambira zakuthupi: cheza chokondoweza, kutulutsa modzidzimutsa, ndi kuyamwa kosonkhezera.

Sma radiation a timulated

Kulimbikitsidwa kwa radiation ndiye chinsinsi cha kupanga laser.Pamene electron pa mlingo wapamwamba wa mphamvu ikukondwera ndi photon ina, imatulutsa chithunzithunzi chokhala ndi mphamvu zofanana, mafupipafupi, gawo, polarization state, ndi njira yofalitsa njira ya photon.Njira imeneyi imatchedwa stimulated radiation.Ndiko kunena kuti, photon ikhoza "kujambula" chithunzi chofanana ndi cheza chochititsa chidwi, potero chimakwaniritsa kuwala kwa kuwala.

Skutulutsa mwadzidzidzi

Pamene ma elekitironi a atomu, ayoni, kapena mamolekyu asintha kuchoka pa mlingo waukulu wa mphamvu kupita ku mlingo wochepa wa mphamvu, amatulutsa ma photon a mphamvu inayake, imene imatchedwa kuti emission yokhayokha.Kutulutsa kwa ma photon oterowo kumangochitika mwachisawawa, ndipo palibe mgwirizano pakati pa ma photon otulutsidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gawo lawo, polarization state, ndi njira yofalitsa zonse ndizosasintha.

Smayamwidwe a timulated

Pamene electron pa mlingo wochepa wa mphamvu imatenga photon ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya mphamvu yofanana ndi yake, ikhoza kusangalala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba.Njira imeneyi imatchedwa stimulated mayamwidwe.

Mu lasers, patsekeke resonant wopangidwa ndi magalasi awiri ofanana nthawi zambiri kumapangitsanso kukondoweza.Galasi limodzi ndi galasi lowonetsera kwathunthu, ndipo galasi linalo ndi galasi lowonetsera, lomwe limatha kulola gawo la laser kudutsa.

Ma photon mu laser medium amawonetsa mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pakati pa magalasi awiri, ndipo chiwonetsero chilichonse chimatulutsa ma photon ochulukirapo kudzera munjira yolimbikitsidwa ya ma radiation, potero amapeza kukulitsa kwa kuwala.Pamene mphamvu ya kuwala ukuwonjezeka kumlingo wakutiwakuti, laser kwaiye kudzera theka wonyezimira galasi.