Laser yog ib qho tseem ceeb inventions ntawm tib neeg, hu ua "lub teeb ci tshaj plaws".Hauv lub neej niaj hnub, peb tuaj yeem pom ntau yam kev siv laser, xws li laser kev zoo nkauj, laser vuam, laser yoov tshaj cum tua, thiab lwm yam.Niaj hnub no, cia peb nkag siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm lasers thiab cov ntsiab cai tom qab lawv tiam.

Laser yog dab tsi?

Laser yog lub teeb ci uas siv lub laser los tsim ib lub teeb tshwj xeeb ntawm lub teeb.Lub laser generates lasing lub teeb los ntawm inputting zog los ntawm ib tug sab nraud lub teeb los yog lub hwj chim qhov chaw rau hauv cov khoom los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm stimulated hluav taws xob.

Lub laser yog ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag uas tsim los ntawm qhov nruab nrab (xws li roj, khoom, lossis kua) uas tuaj yeem ua kom pom lub teeb thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo.Lub active nruab nrab nyob rau hauv ib lub laser feem ntau yog ib tug xaiv thiab tiav cov khoom, thiab nws cov yam ntxwv txiav txim qhov tso zis wavelength ntawm lub laser.

Lub teeb tsim los ntawm lasers muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb:

Ua ntej, lasers yog lub teeb monochromatic nrog nruj zaus thiab wavelengths, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qee qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb kho qhov muag.

Thib ob, laser yog coherent lub teeb, thiab theem ntawm lub teeb tsis zoo ib yam, uas tuaj yeem tswj lub teeb pom kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev.

Thib peb, lasers yog lub teeb pom kev zoo nrog cov kab nqaim heev thiab tsom ntsoov zoo heev, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tiav qhov kev daws teeb meem siab.

Laser yog lub teeb ci

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm laser tiam

Lub cim ntawm laser muaj peb yam txheej txheem ntawm lub cev: txhawb kev tawg, spontaneous emission, thiab stimulated absorption.

Stimulated hluav taws xob

Lub zog hluav taws xob yog tus yuam sij rau laser tiam.Thaum ib qho hluav taws xob nyob rau theem siab zog zoo siab los ntawm lwm lub photon, nws emits ib photon nrog tib lub zog, zaus, theem, polarization xeev, thiab propagation kev taw qhia ntawm lub photon.Cov txheej txheem no hu ua stimulated radiation.Qhov ntawd yog hais tias, photon tuaj yeem "clone" ib qho zoo tib yam photon los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, yog li ua tiav kev nthuav dav ntawm lub teeb.

Spontaneous emissions

Thaum lub atom, ion, los yog molecule lub electron hloov los ntawm ib tug siab zog theem mus rau ib tug uas tsis muaj zog theem, nws tso photons ntawm ib tug npaum li cas ntawm lub zog, uas yog hu ua spontaneous emission.Lub emission ntawm photons yog random, thiab tsis muaj coherence ntawm lub emission photons, uas txhais tau tias lawv theem, polarization xeev, thiab propagation kev taw qhia yog tag nrho random.

Stimulated nqus

Thaum ib qho hluav taws xob nyob rau theem qis zog absorbs photon nrog lub zog theem sib npaug sib npaug rau nws tus kheej, nws tuaj yeem txaus siab rau qib siab zog.Cov txheej txheem no hu ua stimulated absorption.

Nyob rau hauv lasers, ib tug resonant kab noj hniav muaj li ntawm ob parallel tsom iav feem ntau yog siv los txhim kho cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob txhawb nqa.Ib daim iav yog ib daim iav tag nrho, thiab lwm daim iav yog ib daim iav ib nrab, uas tuaj yeem tso cai rau ib feem ntawm lub laser hla.

Cov photons nyob rau hauv lub laser nruab nrab muaj kev cuam tshuam rov qab thiab tawm ntawm ob daim iav, thiab txhua qhov kev xav tau tsim ntau cov photons los ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob txhawb zog, yog li ua tiav lub teeb pom kev zoo.Thaum qhov kev siv ntawm lub teeb nce mus rau ib qho twg, laser yog generated los ntawm ib tug semi reflecting daim iav.