I-Laser yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo eziqanjiweyo zobuntu, ezaziwa ngokuba "kukukhanya okuqaqambileyo".Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, sihlala sibona usetyenziso lwelaser ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngobuhle belaser, ukuwelda kwelaser, ababulali beengcongconi ngelaser, njalo njalo.Namhlanje, masibe nokuqonda okucacileyo kweelaser kunye nemigaqo esemva kwesizukulwana sabo.

Yintoni i-laser?

I-Laser ngumthombo wokukhanya osebenzisa i-laser ukuvelisa ukukhanya okukhethekileyo.I-laser ivelisa ukukhanya okujikelezayo ngokufaka amandla avela kumthombo wokukhanya wangaphandle okanye umthombo wamandla kwizinto eziphathekayo ngenkqubo yokuvuselela i-radiation.

Ilaser sisixhobo sokukhanya esenziwe yinto esebenzayo (efana nerhasi, eqinileyo, okanye engamanzi) enokukhulisa ukukhanya kunye nesibonisi esibonakalayo.Isixhobo esisebenzayo kwi-laser sihlala sisixhobo esikhethiweyo kunye nesicwangcisiweyo, kwaye iimpawu zalo zimisela ubude be-laser.

Ukukhanya okwenziwa ziilaser kuneempawu ezininzi ezizodwa:

Okokuqala, iilaser kukukhanya kwe-monochromatic kunye neefrikhwensi ezingqongqo kakhulu kunye nobude bamaza, ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zamehlo.

Okwesibini, i-laser kukukhanya okuhambelanayo, kwaye isigaba samaza okukhanya siyahambelana kakhulu, esinokugcina ukukhanya okuzinzileyo kwimigama emide.

Okwesithathu, iilaser zikhanyisa ngendlela ephezulu enemiqadi emxinwa kakhulu kunye nokujolisa okugqwesileyo, okunokusetyenziselwa ukufikelela kwisisombululo esiphezulu sendawo.

I-Laser ngumthombo wokukhanya

Umgaqo wokuvelisa i-laser

Ukuveliswa kwelaser kubandakanya iinkqubo ezintathu ezisisiseko zomzimba: imitha evuselelweyo, ukuphuma okuzenzekelayo, kunye nokufunxa okuvuselelweyo.

Simitha edibeneyo

Imitha evuselelweyo ngundoqo wokuveliswa kwelaser.Xa i-electron kwizinga eliphezulu lamandla ivuyiswa yenye ifoton, ikhupha ifoton enamandla afanayo, i-frequency, isigaba, i-polarization state, kunye ne-propagation direction kwicala laloo photon.Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-stimulated radiation.Oko kukuthi, ifoton "iyakwazi "i-clone" ifoton efanayo ngenkqubo yokuvuselela imitha, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ukukhanya.

Sukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza

Xa i-athom, i-ion, okanye i-electron yemolekyuli itshintsha isuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla isiya kumlinganiselo ophantsi wamandla, ikhupha iiphoton zomlinganiselo othile wamandla, obizwa ngokuba yi-emission ezenzekelayo.Ukukhutshwa kweefotoni ezinjalo ku-random, kwaye akukho kuhambelana phakathi kweefotoni ezikhutshwayo, oku kuthetha ukuba isigaba sabo, i-polarization state, kunye ne-propagation direction all random.

Sukufunxwa kwe timulated

Xa i-electron kwizinga eliphantsi lamandla lithatha i-photon kunye nokwahlukana kwenqanaba lamandla elilingana nelodwa, inokuvuyiswa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla.Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-stimulated absorption.

Kwii-laser, i-resonant cavity eyenziwe zizipili ezimbini ezihambelanayo idla ngokusetyenziswa ukunyusa inkqubo yemitha evuselelweyo.Esinye isibuko sisipili esibonisa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye esinye isibuko sisibuko se-semi reflection, esinokuvumela inxalenye yelaser ukuba idlule.

Iifotoni ezikwi-laser medium zibonisa umva naphambili phakathi kwezipili ezibini, kwaye umboniso ngamnye uvelisa iifotoni ezininzi ngenkqubo evuselelweyo yemitha, ngaloo ndlela kuzuzwa ukukhulisa ukukhanya.Xa ubukhulu bokukhanya bunyuka ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, i-laser yenziwa ngesipili esibonakalisa isiqingatha.