Laser yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ɗan adam ya kirkira, wanda aka sani da "haske mafi haske".A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, sau da yawa muna iya ganin aikace-aikacen Laser iri-iri, kamar kyawun Laser, walƙiya na Laser, masu kashe sauro, da sauransu.A yau, bari mu sami cikakken fahimtar lasers da ka'idodin bayan tsarar su.

Menene Laser?

Laser tushen haske ne wanda ke amfani da Laser don samar da haske na musamman.Laser yana haifar da hasken lasing ta hanyar shigar da makamashi daga tushen haske na waje ko tushen wutar lantarki a cikin kayan ta hanyar haɓakar radiation.

Laser na'urar gani ce da ta ƙunshi matsakaici mai aiki (kamar gas, sulke, ko ruwa) wanda zai iya ƙara haske da mai gani na gani.Matsakaici mai aiki a cikin Laser yawanci abu ne da aka zaɓa da sarrafa shi, kuma halayensa suna ƙayyade tsayin daka na Laser.

Hasken da lasers ya haifar yana da halaye na musamman:

Da fari dai, Laser haske ne monochromatic tare da tsauraran mitoci da tsayin raƙuman ruwa, waɗanda zasu iya biyan wasu buƙatun gani na musamman.

Na biyu, Laser haske ne mai daidaituwa, kuma lokacin raƙuman hasken haske yana da daidaito sosai, wanda zai iya kiyaye ingantacciyar ƙarfin haske mai tsayi a nesa mai nisa.

Na uku, Laser haske ne na jagora mai zurfi tare da ƙunƙun katako da kyakkyawar mayar da hankali, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don cimma babban ƙuduri na sararin samaniya.

Laser tushen haske ne

Ka'idar tsarar laser

Ƙirƙirar Laser ya ƙunshi matakai na zahiri guda uku: ƙarar hasken wuta, fitar da ba ta daɗe, da ƙara kuzari.

Stimulated radiation

Ƙarfafa radiation shine mabuɗin haɓakar laser.Lokacin da na'urar lantarki a wani babban matakin makamashi ya yi farin ciki da wani photon, yana fitar da photon mai makamashi iri ɗaya, mita, lokaci, yanayin polarization, da kuma hanyar yadawa zuwa ga wannan photon.Wannan tsari shi ake kira radiation kuzari.Wato, photon na iya "clone" wani nau'in photon iri ɗaya ta hanyar aikin radiation mai motsa jiki, ta yadda zai iya samun haɓakar haske.

Szubar da jini

Lokacin da atom, ion, ko molecule's electron sauye-sauye daga matakin makamashi mai girma zuwa matakin karancin makamashi, yana fitar da photon na wani adadin kuzari, wanda ake kira emission na gaggawa.Fitowar irin wadannan photon bazuwarta ce, kuma babu wata ma'ana tsakanin fitattun photon, wanda ke nufin tsarinsu, yanayin polarization, da hanyoyin yadawa duk bazuwarsu ne.

Stimulated sha

Lokacin da na'urar lantarki a ƙananan ƙarfin kuzari ya sha photon tare da bambancin matakin makamashi daidai da nasa, yana iya yin farin ciki zuwa matakin makamashi mai girma.Wannan tsari shi ake kira tsokanar sha.

A cikin na'urorin laser, kogon resonant wanda ya ƙunshi madubai guda biyu galibi ana amfani da shi don haɓaka aikin haɓakar radiation.Ɗayan madubi cikakken madubi ne na tunani, ɗayan kuma madubin madubi ne na madubi, wanda zai iya ba da damar wani yanki na Laser ya wuce.

Hoton da ke cikin matsakaicin Laser yana nuna baya da gaba tsakanin madubai biyu, kuma kowane tunani yana samar da ƙarin photons ta hanyar haɓakar radiation, ta haka ne ke samun haɓakar haske.Lokacin da ƙarfin haske ya ƙaru zuwa wani wuri, ana samar da Laser ta hanyar madubi mai nunin faifai.