Kuyini I-Laser? Isimiso Sokukhiqiza I-Laser

I-laser ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezisunguliwe esintwini, eyaziwa ngokuthi “ukukhanya okukhanyayo”. Empilweni yansuku zonke, sivame ukubona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ze-laser, njengobuhle be-laser, ukushisela nge-laser, izibulali zomiyane ze-laser, njalo njalo. Namuhla, ake siqonde ngokuningiliziwe ama-laser kanye nezimiso ezingemuva kwesizukulwane sawo.

Kuyini i-laser?

I-Laser iwumthombo wokukhanya osebenzisa i-laser ukukhiqiza ukukhanya okukhethekile. I-laser ikhiqiza ukukhanya okunciphayo ngokufaka amandla avela emthonjeni wokukhanya wangaphandle noma umthombo wamandla ezintweni ngenqubo yemisebe evuselelwe.

I-laser iyithuluzi elibonakalayo elakhiwe ngendawo esebenzayo (njengegesi, okuqinile, noma uketshezi) engakhulisa ukukhanya kanye nesibonisi esibonakalayo. Indawo esebenzayo ku-laser ivame ukuba yinto ekhethiwe futhi ecutshungulwayo, futhi izici zayo zinquma ubude be-wavelength ye-laser.

Ukukhanya okukhiqizwa yi-laser kunezici eziningana ezihlukile:

Okokuqala, ama-laser awukukhanya okukodwa okunemvamisa eqinile kanye nama-wavelength aqinile, angahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile ezikhethekile zokukhanya.

Okwesibili, i-laser iwukukhanya okuqondile, futhi isigaba samaza okukhanya sihambisana kakhulu, esingagcina amandla okukhanya azinzile emabangeni amade.

Okwesithathu, ama-laser ayikukhanya okuqondisa kakhulu okunemisebe emincane kakhulu kanye nokugxila okuhle kakhulu, okungasetshenziswa ukufeza ukuxazululwa okuphezulu kwendawo.

I-Laser ingumthombo wokukhanya

Umgomo wokukhiqiza nge-laser

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-laser kuhilela izinqubo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zomzimba: imisebe evuselelwe, ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokumuncwa okuvuselelwe.

Simisebe evuselelwe

Imisebe evuselelwe iyisihluthulelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-laser. Lapho i-electron esezingeni eliphezulu lamandla ivuselelwa yi-photon enye, ikhipha i-photon enamandla afanayo, imvamisa, isigaba, isimo se-polarization, kanye nesiqondiso sokusabalala ohlangothini lwaleyo photon. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi imisebe evuselelwe. Okusho ukuthi, i-photon “ingakwazi ukuhlanganisa” i-photon efanayo ngenqubo yemisebe evuselelwe, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele ekukhulisweni kokukhanya.

Sukukhishwa okuzenzekelayo

Uma i-electron ye-athomu, i-ion, noma i-molecule ishintsha isuka ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla iye ezingeni eliphansi lamandla, ikhipha ama-photon enani elithile lamandla, okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo. Ukukhishwa kwama-photon anjalo kwenzeka ngokungahleliwe, futhi akukho ukuvumelana phakathi kwama-photon akhishwayo, okusho ukuthi isigaba sawo, isimo sokwahlukana, kanye nesiqondiso sokusabalala konke kwenzeka ngokungahleliwe.

Sukumuncwa okuvuselelwe

Uma i-electron esezingeni eliphansi lamandla imunca i-photon enomehluko wezinga lamandla olingana nowayo, ingashukunyiswa ibe sezingeni eliphezulu lamandla. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukumuncwa okushukunyisiwe.

Kuma-laser, umgodi ocwebezelayo owakhiwe yizibuko ezimbili ezihambisanayo uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhanya evuselelwe. Isibuko esisodwa siyisibuko sokukhanya okuphelele, kanti esinye isibuko siyisibuko sokukhanya okuncane, esingavumela ingxenye ye-laser ukuthi idlule.

Ama-photon asendaweni ye-laser abonakalisa emuva naphambili phakathi kwezibuko ezimbili, futhi ukubonakaliswa ngakunye kukhiqiza ama-photon engeziwe ngenqubo yokukhanya evuselelwe, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukwandiswa kokukhanya. Lapho amandla okukhanya enyuka ngezinga elithile, i-laser ikhiqizwa ngesibuko esibonakalisa kancane.