一、Yaushe ne lokacin kyamarorin tashi?

Kyamarorin Lokacin Tashi (ToF) wani nau'in fasahar fahimtar zurfin abubuwa ne da ke auna nisan da ke tsakanin kyamara da abubuwa a wurin ta hanyar amfani da lokacin da haske ke ɗauka don tafiya zuwa ga abubuwa da kuma komawa ga kyamara. Ana amfani da su a aikace-aikace daban-daban kamar su augmented reality, robotics, 3D scanning, gestures recognition, da sauransu.

Kyamarorin ToFaiki ta hanyar fitar da siginar haske, yawanci hasken infrared, da kuma auna lokacin da siginar ke ɗauka kafin ta dawo bayan ta buga abubuwa a wurin. Ana amfani da wannan ma'aunin lokaci don ƙididdige nisan da ke tsakanin abubuwan, ƙirƙirar taswirar zurfi ko wakilcin 3D na wurin.

Lokacin kyamarorin jirgin sama

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahohin fahimtar zurfin kamar haske mai tsari ko hangen nesa na sitiriyo, kyamarorin ToF suna ba da fa'idodi da yawa. Suna ba da bayanai game da zurfin lokaci, suna da ƙira mai sauƙi, kuma suna iya aiki a cikin yanayi daban-daban na haske. Kyamarorin ToF suma suna da ƙanƙanta kuma ana iya haɗa su cikin ƙananan na'urori kamar wayoyin komai da ruwanka, kwamfutar hannu, da na'urorin da za a iya sawa.

Aikace-aikacen kyamarorin ToF sun bambanta. A cikin gaskiyar da aka ƙara, kyamarorin ToF na iya gano zurfin abubuwa daidai kuma suna inganta gaskiyar abubuwan kama-da-wane da aka sanya a cikin ainihin duniya. A cikin na'urorin robot, suna ba robot damar fahimtar kewayensu da kuma kewaya cikas yadda ya kamata. A cikin na'urar daukar hoto ta 3D, kyamarorin ToF na iya kama yanayin abubuwa ko muhalli cikin sauri don dalilai daban-daban kamar gaskiyar kama-da-wane, wasanni, ko bugawa ta 3D. Hakanan ana amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikacen biometric, kamar gane fuska ko gane motsin hannu.

二,Abubuwan da ke cikin kyamarorin jirgin sama na lokacin

Kyamarorin Lokacin Tashi (ToF)ya ƙunshi muhimman abubuwa da dama waɗanda ke aiki tare don ba da damar fahimtar zurfin da auna nesa. Takamaiman abubuwan da aka haɗa na iya bambanta dangane da ƙira da masana'anta, amma ga muhimman abubuwan da aka saba samu a cikin tsarin kyamarar ToF:

Tushen Haske:

Kyamarorin ToF suna amfani da tushen haske don fitar da siginar haske, yawanci a cikin nau'in hasken infrared (IR). Tushen hasken na iya zama LED (Diode mai fitar da haske) ko diode na laser, ya danganta da ƙirar kyamarar. Hasken da aka fitar yana tafiya zuwa ga abubuwan da ke cikin wurin.

Na'urorin gani:

Gilashin ruwan tabarau yana tattara hasken da aka nuna sannan ya nuna yanayin a kan na'urar firikwensin hoto (focal plane array). Matatar mai amfani da hasken haske tana wucewa ne kawai da tsawon tsayi iri ɗaya da na'urar haske. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen danne hasken da ba shi da alaƙa da shi da kuma rage hayaniya.

Na'urar firikwensin hoto:

Wannan shine zuciyar kyamarar TOF. Kowane pixel yana auna lokacin da hasken ya ɗauka don tafiya daga na'urar haske (laser ko LED) zuwa abu da kuma komawa zuwa jerin sararin samaniya.

Tsarin Lokaci:

Domin auna lokacin tashi daidai, kyamarar tana buƙatar daidaitaccen kewayen lokaci. Wannan kewayen yana sarrafa fitar da siginar haske kuma yana gano lokacin da hasken ke ɗauka don tafiya zuwa ga abubuwa da kuma komawa ga kyamara. Yana daidaita hanyoyin fitar da hayaki da ganowa don tabbatar da daidaiton ma'aunin nisa.

Daidaitawa:

WasuKyamarorin ToFHaɗa dabarun daidaitawa don inganta daidaito da ƙarfin ma'aunin nisa. Waɗannan kyamarorin suna daidaita siginar hasken da aka fitar tare da takamaiman tsari ko mita. Daidaitawar tana taimakawa wajen bambanta hasken da aka fitar daga sauran hanyoyin hasken da ke kewaye da kuma haɓaka ikon kyamara na bambance tsakanin abubuwa daban-daban a wurin.

Tsarin Lissafi Mai Zurfi:

Don canza ma'aunin lokacin tashi zuwa bayanai masu zurfi, kyamarorin ToF suna amfani da algorithms masu inganci. Waɗannan algorithms suna nazarin bayanan lokaci da aka karɓa daga na'urar gano hoto kuma suna ƙididdige nisan da ke tsakanin kyamara da abubuwan da ke cikin wurin. Algorithms na lissafin zurfin sau da yawa sun haɗa da ramawa ga abubuwa kamar saurin yaɗuwar haske, lokacin amsawar firikwensin, da tsangwama ga hasken yanayi.

Zurfin Fitar da Bayanai:

Da zarar an yi lissafin zurfin, kyamarar ToF tana samar da fitowar bayanai masu zurfi. Wannan fitarwa na iya ɗaukar siffar taswirar zurfi, gajimare mai ma'ana, ko wakilcin 3D na wurin. Aikace-aikace da tsarin za su iya amfani da bayanan zurfin don ba da damar ayyuka daban-daban kamar bin diddigin abu, gaskiyar da aka ƙara, ko kewayawa ta robot.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa takamaiman aiwatarwa da abubuwan da ke cikin kyamarorin ToF na iya bambanta a tsakanin masana'antun da samfura daban-daban. Ci gaban fasaha na iya gabatar da ƙarin fasali da haɓakawa don inganta aiki da ƙarfin tsarin kyamarar ToF.

三, Aikace-aikace

Aikace-aikacen Motoci

Kyamarorin lokacin tashiAna amfani da su a cikin ayyukan taimako da aminci don aikace-aikacen motoci na ci gaba kamar amincin masu tafiya a ƙasa, gano hatsari kafin hatsari da aikace-aikacen cikin gida kamar gano wurin da ba a wurin ba (OOP).

Amfani da kyamarorin ToF

Muhalli na injin ɗan adam da wasanni

As kyamarorin lokacin tashiyana samar da hotuna masu nisa a ainihin lokaci, yana da sauƙin bin diddigin motsin mutane. Wannan yana ba da damar sabbin hulɗa da na'urorin masu amfani kamar talabijin. Wani batun kuma shine amfani da wannan nau'in kyamarori don mu'amala da wasanni akan na'urorin wasan bidiyo. Na'urar firikwensin Kinect ta ƙarni na biyu da aka haɗa da na'urar Xbox One ta farko ta yi amfani da kyamarar tashi don ɗaukar hotunan nesa, tana ba da damar hanyoyin sadarwa na halitta na masu amfani da aikace-aikacen wasanni ta amfani da dabarun hangen nesa na kwamfuta da kuma gane motsin hannu.

Creative da Intel kuma suna samar da irin wannan kyamarar motsi ta lokaci-lokaci don wasanni, Senz3D bisa ga kyamarar DepthSense 325 ta Softkinetic. Infineon da PMD Technologies suna ba da damar ƙananan kyamarori masu zurfin 3D da aka haɗa don sarrafa motsin hannu na na'urorin masu amfani kamar kwamfutoci da kwamfutocin tafi-da-gidanka gaba ɗaya (Picco flexx da kyamarorin Picco monstar).

Amfani da kyamarorin ToF a cikin wasanni

Kyamarorin wayar salula

Wayoyin hannu da dama sun haɗa da kyamarorin da ake amfani da su a lokacin tashi. Ana amfani da waɗannan galibi don inganta ingancin hotuna ta hanyar samar da software na kyamara bayanai game da gaba da baya. Wayar hannu ta farko da ta yi amfani da irin wannan fasaha ita ce LG G3, wacce aka fitar a farkon 2014.

Amfani da kyamarorin ToF a cikin wayoyin hannu

Aunawa da hangen nesa na na'ura

Sauran aikace-aikacen su ne ayyukan aunawa, misali don tsayin cikawa a cikin silos. A cikin hangen nesa na injin masana'antu, kyamarar lokacin tashi tana taimakawa wajen rarrabawa da gano abubuwan da robot ke amfani da su, kamar abubuwan da ke wucewa a kan na'urar jigilar kaya. Sarrafa ƙofofi na iya bambanta tsakanin dabbobi da mutane da ke isa ƙofar cikin sauƙi.

Robotics

Wani amfani da waɗannan kyamarorin shine fannin fasahar robot: Robots na wayar hannu na iya gina taswirar kewaye da su da sauri, wanda hakan zai ba su damar guje wa cikas ko bin babban mutum. Ganin cewa lissafin nisa abu ne mai sauƙi, ƙarancin ƙarfin lissafi ne kawai ake amfani da shi. Tunda ana iya amfani da waɗannan kyamarorin don auna nisa, an san ƙungiyoyin FIRST Robotics Competition suna amfani da na'urorin don ayyukan yau da kullun masu cin gashin kansu.

Tsarin ƙasa

Kyamarorin ToFAn yi amfani da su don samun samfuran ɗagawa na dijital na yanayin ƙasa, don nazarin ilimin ƙasa.

Amfani da kyamarorin ToF a fannin ilimin ƙasa