一, Lithini ixesha leekhamera zokubhabha?

Iikhamera zexesha lokubhabha (i-ToF) luhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokubona ubunzulu obulinganisa umgama phakathi kwekhamera kunye nezinto ezikuloo ndawo ngokusebenzisa ixesha elithatha ukukhanya ukuya kwizinto kunye nokubuyela kwikhamera.Ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nenyani eyongeziweyo, iirobhothi, ukuskena kwe-3D, ukuqondwa komzimba, kunye nokunye.

Iikhamera zeToFsebenza ngokukhupha isignali yokukhanya, ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo kwe-infrared, kunye nokulinganisa ixesha elithathayo ukuze umqondiso ubuye umva emva kokubetha izinto kwindawo.Eli xesha lokulinganisa lisetyenziselwa ukubala umgama kwizinto, ukudala imephu enzulu okanye umboniso we-3D wendawo.

Ixesha leekhamera zokubhabha

Xa kuthelekiswa nobunye ubuchwephesha bokubona ubunzulu njengokukhanya okucwangcisiweyo okanye umbono westereo, iikhamera zeToF zibonelela ngezinto ezininzi ezintle.Banikezela ngolwazi lobunzulu bexesha lokwenyani, banoyilo olulula, kwaye banokusebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya.Iikhamera ze-ToF zikwacwengile kwaye zinokudityaniswa kwizixhobo ezincinci ezinjengee-smartphones, iitafile, kunye nezixhobo ezinokunxitywa.

Usetyenziso lweekhamera zeToF zahlukile.Ngokwenyani eyongeziweyo, iikhamera ze-ToF zinokububona ngokuchanekileyo ubunzulu bezinto kunye nokuphucula ubunyani bezinto ezibonakalayo ezibekwe kwihlabathi lokwenyani.Kwiirobhothi, zenza iirobhothi ukuba zibone indawo ezingqongileyo kwaye zijonge imiqobo ngempumelelo.Kwiskena se-3D, iikhamera ze-ToF zinokukhawuleza ukubamba ijometri yezinto okanye imo engqongileyo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo njengenyani yenyani, umdlalo, okanye ushicilelo lwe-3D.Zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo zebhayometriki, ezifana nokubonwa kobuso okanye ukuqondwa kwentshukumo yesandla.

二,Amacandelo exesha leekhamera zokubhabha

Iikhamera zexesha lokubhabha (ToF).ziqulathe amacandelo angundoqo aliqela asebenza kunye ukwenza ubunzulu bovakalelo kunye nomlinganiselo womgama.Amacandelo athile anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo kunye nomenzi, kodwa nantsi izinto ezisisiseko ezifumaneka kwiinkqubo zekhamera ye-ToF:

Umthombo wokukhanya:

Iikhamera ze-ToF zisebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya ukukhupha isignali yokukhanya, ngokuqhelekileyo ikwimo yokukhanya kwe-infrared (IR).Umthombo wokukhanya unokuba yi-LED (i-Light-Emitting Diode) okanye i-laser diode, kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwekhamera.Ukukhanya okukhutshiweyo kuhamba ukuya kwizinto ezikuloo ndawo.

Amehlo:

Ilensi iqokelela ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo kwaye ifanekisele okusingqongileyo kwinzwa yomfanekiso (uluhlu lwenqwelo-moya egqalileyo).Isihluzo sokucoca ibhand-pass sigqithisa kuphela ukukhanya ngobude obufanayo neyunithi yokukhanyisa.Oku kunceda ukucinezela ukukhanya okungenamsebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo.

Uluvo lomfanekiso:

Le yintliziyo yekhamera ye-TOF.Ipixel nganye ilinganisa ixesha ukukhanya okuthathiweyo ukuhamba ukusuka kwiyunithi yokukhanyisa (i-laser okanye i-LED) ukuya kwinto kunye nokubuyela kuluhlu lwenqwelomoya.

Ixesha leSekethe:

Ukulinganisa ixesha lokuhamba kwendiza ngokuchanekileyo, ikhamera idinga ukujikeleza kwexesha elichanekileyo.Lo mjikelezo ulawula ukukhutshwa komqondiso wokukhanya kwaye ukhangele ixesha elithathayo ukuze ukukhanya kuhambe kwizinto kunye nokubuyela kwikhamera.Ingqamanisa ukukhutshwa kunye neenkqubo zokubona ukuze kuqinisekiswe imilinganiselo echanekileyo yomgama.

Uhlengahlengiso:

AbanyeIikhamera zeToFbandakanya ubuchule bokumodareyitha ukuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokomelela kwemilinganiselo yomgama.Ezi khamera zimodareyitha umqondiso wokukhanya okhutshiweyo ngepateni ethile okanye amaza.Ukumodareyitha kunceda ukwahlula ukukhanya okukhutshiweyo kweminye imithombo yokukhanya ye-ambient kwaye kuphucule ukukwazi kwekhamera ukwahlula phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwindawo.

Ubunzulu Ukubala Algorithm:

Ukuguqula imilinganiselo yexesha lokubhabha ibe lulwazi olunzulu, iikhamera ze-ToF zisebenzisa i-algorithms ephucukileyo.Ezi zi-algorithms zihlalutya idatha yexesha elifunyenwe kwi-photodetector kwaye ibale umgama phakathi kwekhamera kunye nezinto ezikuloo ndawo.I-algorithms yokubala ubunzulu ihlala ibandakanya ukuhlawulela imiba efana nesantya sosasazo lokukhanya, ixesha lokuphendula isivamvo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokukhanya kwe-ambient.

Isiphumo seDatha yobunzulu:

Nje ukubala ubunzulu benziwe, ikhamera ye-ToF ibonelela ngemveliso yedatha enzulu.Le mveliso inokuthatha imo yemephu yobunzulu, ilifu lendawo, okanye umboniso we-3D wendawo.Idatha enzulu ingasetyenziswa zizicelo kunye neenkqubo ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo njengokulandela umkhondo wento, inyani eyandisiweyo, okanye ukukhangela kwerobhothi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuphunyezwa okuthile kunye namacandelo eekhamera ze-ToF anokwahluka kubavelisi kunye neemodeli ezahlukeneyo.Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji inokwazisa iimpawu ezongezelelweyo kunye nezixhasi zokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nobuchule beenkqubo zekhamera ye-ToF.

三、Izicelo

Izicelo zeemoto

Iikhamera zexesha lokuhambazisetyenziswa ekuncediseni nasekukhuseleni imisebenzi yosetyenziso lweemoto olukwinqanaba eliphezulu njengokhuseleko lwabahambi ngeenyawo olusebenzayo, ukubhaqwa kwangaphambili kunye nezicelo zangaphakathi ezinje ngokubona ngaphandle kwendawo (OOP).

Ukusetyenziswa kweekhamera zeToF

Unxibelelwano noomatshini bomntu kunye nemidlalo

As iikhamera zexesha lokuhambabonelela ngemifanekiso yomgama ngexesha lokwenyani, kulula ukulandelela iintshukumo zabantu.Oku kuvumela unxibelelwano olutsha kunye nezixhobo zabathengi ezifana nomabonakude.Esinye isihloko kukusebenzisa olu hlobo lweekhamera ukusebenzisana nemidlalo kwii-consoles zomdlalo wevidiyo.Isizukulwana sesibini se-Kinect sensor ekuqaleni ifakwe kunye ne-Xbox One console isebenzisa ikhamera yexesha lokubhabha kwi-imaging yayo yoluhlu, eyenza ujongano lomsebenzisi wendalo kunye nokudlala. izicelo zisebenzisa umbono wekhompyuter kunye neendlela zokuqaphela izijekulo.

I-Creative kunye ne-Intel ikwabonelela ngohlobo olufanayo lwekhamera ye-interactive gesture-of-flight yekhamera yokudlala, i-Senz3D esekwe kwikhamera ye-DepthSense 325 yeSoftkinetic.I-Infineon kunye ne-PMD Technologies zenza ukuba iikhamera ezincinci ezidibeneyo ze-3D ezinzulu zolawulo olusondeleyo lwezixhobo zabathengi ezifana neePC kunye neelaptops (Picco flexx kunye neekhamera zePicco monstar).

Ukusetyenziswa kweekhamera zeToF kwimidlalo

Iikhamera ze-smartphone

Ii-smartphones ezininzi zibandakanya iikhamera zexesha lokubhabha.Ezi ikakhulu zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula umgangatho weefoto ngokubonelela ngesoftware yekhamera ngolwazi malunga nemvelaphi kunye nemvelaphi.Ifowuni yokuqala ephathwayo ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo yi-LG G3, ekhutshwe ekuqaleni kwe-2014.

Ukusetyenziswa kweekhamera zeToF kwiifowuni eziphathwayo

Umlinganiselo kunye nombono womatshini

Ezinye ii-aplikeshini yimisebenzi yomlinganiselo, umz. umphakamo wokuzalisa kwizisele.Kumbono womatshini wemizi-mveliso, ikhamera yexesha lokubhabha inceda ekuhleleni nasekufumaneni izinto ezisetyenziselwa iirobhothi, njengezinto ezidlulayo kwi-conveyor.Ukulawulwa kweengcango kunokwahlula ngokulula phakathi kwezilwanyana kunye nabantu abafikelela emnyango.

Iirobhothi

Enye indlela ezi khamera zisetyenziswa ngayo licandelo leerobhothi: Iirobhothi eziphathwayo zinokuzenzela imaphu yendawo ezingqongileyo ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ezenza ziphephe imiqobo okanye zilandele umntu ophambili.Njengoko ukubala komgama kulula, kuphela amandla amancinci okubala asetyenziswayo.Kuba ezi khamera zinokusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umgama, amaqela oKhuphiswano LOKUQALA lweRobhothi aziwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo kwiindlela ezizimeleyo.

Ubume bomhlaba

Iikhamera zeToFzisetyenziselwe ukufumana iimodeli zokuphakama kwedijithali zomphezulu womhlaba womhlaba, kwizifundo kwi-geomorphology.

Ukusetyenziswa kweekhamera ze-ToF kwi-geomorphology