Chii Chinonzi Laser? Nheyo Yekugadzira Laser

Laser ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvakagadzirwa nevanhu, inozivikanwa se "chiedza chakanyanya kupenya". Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tinogona kuona mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana elaser, akadai serunako rwelaser, welding yelaser, laser mosquito killers, nezvimwewo. Nhasi, ngatinzwisisei zvakadzama nezve lasers uye misimboti yechizvarwa chadzo.

Chii chinonzi laser?

Laser itsime rechiedza rinoshandisa laser kugadzira chiedza chakakosha. Laser inogadzira chiedza chinopera nekuisa simba kubva kune rimwe tsime rechiedza chekunze kana simba muchinhu kuburikidza nemwaranzi inomutswa.

Laser mudziyo wekuona unoumbwa nechinhu chinoshanda (senge gasi, chakasimba, kana mvura) chinogona kuwedzera chiedza uye chinotaridza chiedza. Chinhu chinoshanda chiri mu laser chinowanzo sarudzwa uye chakagadzirwa, uye hunhu hwacho hunosarudza hupamhi hwemafungu e laser.

Chiedza chinogadzirwa ne lasers chine hunhu hwakasiyana:

Chekutanga, ma lasers chiedza che monochromatic chine ma frequency akasimba uye ma wavelengths, izvo zvinogona kusangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa zve optical.

Chechipiri, laser chiedza chakabatana, uye chikamu chemafungu echiedza chakafanana zvikuru, izvo zvinogona kuchengetedza simba rechiedza rakadzikama padaro refu.

Chechitatu, ma lasers chiedza chakanangana zvakanyanya chine matanda akamanikana uye anonyatsotarisa, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kuwana resolution yepamusoro yenzvimbo.

Laser itsime rechiedza

Nheyo yekugadzira laser

Kugadzirwa kwelaser kunosanganisira maitiro matatu ekutanga emuviri: mwaranzi inosimudzirwa, kubuda kwemhepo, uye kunyudzwa kwemwaranzi kunosimudzirwa.

Smwaranzi yakarongwa nenguva

Mwaranzi inosimudzirwa ndiyo kiyi yekugadzira laser. Kana electron iri padanho repamusoro ikamutswa neimwe photon, inoburitsa photon ine simba rakafanana, frequency, phase, polarization state, uye propagation direction mudivi rephoton iyoyo. Maitiro aya anonzi stimulated radiation. Kureva kuti, photon inogona "kuumba" photon yakafanana kuburikidza ne stimulated radiation, nokudaro ichiwana amplification yechiedza.

Skubuda kwemhepo kamwe kamwe

Kana maerekitironi eatomu, ayoni, kana molekyuru achichinja kubva padanho resimba rakakwirira kuenda padanho resimba rakaderera, anoburitsa maphotoni esimba rakati wandei, iro rinonzi kubuda kwesimba kwega kwega. Kubuda kwemaphotoni akadaro kunoitika pasina kurongeka, uye hapana kubatana pakati pemaphotoni anobuda, zvinoreva kuti phase yavo, polarization state, uye propagation direction zvese hazvina kurongeka.

Skunyudzwa kwenguva refu

Kana electron iri padanho resimba rakaderera ikatora photon ine musiyano wesimba rakaenzana nerayo, inogona kusimudzirwa kusvika padanho resimba rakakwirira. Maitiro aya anonzi stimulated absorption.

Muma laser, gomba rine resonant rine magirazi maviri akafanana rinowanzo shandiswa kuwedzera mashandiro emwaranzi inomutswa. Girazi rimwe igirazi rinoratidza mwenje, uye rimwe girazi igirazi rinoratidza mwenje zvishoma, izvo zvinogona kubvumira chikamu che laser kupfuura nepakati.

Maphotoni ari mu laser medium anoratidzira pakati pemagirazi maviri, uye kuratidzwa kwega kwega kunogadzira maphotoni akawanda kuburikidza nemwaranzi inosimudzirwa, nokudaro zvichiita kuti chiedza chiwedzere kukura. Kana simba rechiedza rikawedzera kusvika pamwero wakati, laser inogadzirwa kuburikidza negirazi rinoratidza semi reflective.