Laser ni iki? Ihame ryo gukora laser

Umuti wa laser ni kimwe mu bihangano by'ingenzi byavumbuwe n'abantu, kizwi nka "urumuri rwinshi cyane". Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, akenshi tubona uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha laser, nko kuba mwiza kuri laser, gusudira kuri laser, kwica imibu muri laser, n'ibindi. Uyu munsi, reka dusobanukirwe neza imiti ya laser n'amahame y'igihe cyayo.

Laser ni iki?

Laser ni isoko y'urumuri ikoresha laser kugira ngo ikore urumuri rwihariye. Laser ikora urumuri rudakira ikoresheje ingufu ziva ku isoko y'urumuri rwo hanze cyangwa isoko y'amashanyarazi mu bikoresho binyuze mu nzira y'imirasire ishyushye.

Laser ni igikoresho cy’urumuri kigizwe n’igikoresho gikora (nk’umwuka, ibikomeye, cyangwa amazi) gishobora kongera urumuri n’icyuma gisubiza urumuri. Ikigo gikora muri laser akenshi kiba ari ibikoresho byatoranijwe kandi bigatunganywa, kandi imiterere yacyo ni yo igena uburebure bw’umuvuduko wa laser.

Umucyo ukorwa na laser ufite imiterere myinshi idasanzwe:

Ubwa mbere, laser ni urumuri rumwe rufite frequencies zikomeye cyane n'uburebure bw'urumuri, rushobora guhaza bimwe mu bikenewe byihariye by'urumuri.

Icya kabiri, laser ni urumuri ruhamye, kandi icyiciro cy'imiraba y'urumuri gihoraho cyane, gishobora kugumana imbaraga z'urumuri zihamye mu ntera ndende.

Icya gatatu, imirasire ya laser ni urumuri rurerure cyane rufite imirasire mito cyane kandi rushobora kwibanda neza, rushobora gukoreshwa mu kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ahantu.

Laser ni isoko y'urumuri

Ihame ryo gukora laser

Ikorwa rya laser rikubiyemo ibikorwa bitatu by'ibanze by'umubiri: imirasire ishishikajwe, imyuka itunguranye, n'ingufu zo kwinjiza.

Simirasire ikoreshwa igihe kirekire

Imirasire ishyushye ni ingenzi mu gukora lazeri. Iyo electron iri ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ingufu ishyushye n'indi fotoni, isohora fotoni ifite ingufu zimwe, frequency, phase, position ya polarization, n'icyerekezo kimwe cyo gukwirakwira mu cyerekezo cya fotoni. Iyi nzira yitwa imirasire ishyushye. Ni ukuvuga ko fotoni ishobora "gukora" fotoni imwe binyuze mu nzira y'imirasire ishyushye, bityo ikagera ku kongera urumuri.

Simyuka ihumanya ikirere

Iyo electron ya atome, iyoni, cyangwa molekile ihinduye iva ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ingufu ikagera ku rwego rwo hasi rw'ingufu, irekura fotoni z'ingufu runaka, ari byo byitwa imyuka itunguranye. Imyuka ya fotoni nk'iyo iba itunguranye, kandi nta guhuza kuri hagati ya fotoni zisohoka, bivuze ko icyiciro cyazo, imiterere ya polarization, n'icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwira byose ari ibintu bitunguranye.

Skwinjiza igihe

Iyo electron iri ku rwego rwo hasi rw'ingufu ifashe fotoni ifite itandukaniro ry'urwego rw'ingufu nk'urwayo, ishobora gukururwa ikagera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ingufu. Iyi nzira yitwa stimulated absorption.

Muri laser, umwobo w’urumuri ugizwe n’indorerwamo ebyiri zifatanye ubusanzwe ukoreshwa mu kunoza inzira y’imirasire ishyushye. Indorerwamo imwe ni indorerwamo igaragara neza, indi ndorerwamo ikaba igaragara neza, ishobora gutuma igice cya laser kinyuramo.

Foteyine zo muri laser medium zigaruka hagati y’indorerwamo ebyiri, kandi buri reflection ikora fotoni nyinshi binyuze mu nzira y’imirasire ishyushye, bityo bigatuma urumuri rwongera kwiyongera. Iyo ubukana bw’urumuri bwiyongera ku rugero runaka, laser ikorwa binyuze mu ndorerwamo igarura urumuri.