一, Iyini isikhathi samakhamera okundiza?

Amakhamera e-Time-of-flight (ToF) awuhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokubona ukujula obulinganisa ibanga phakathi kwekhamera nezinto ezisendaweni yesehlakalo ngokusebenzisa isikhathi esithathwa ukukhanya ukuya ezintweni nokubuyela ekhamera. Avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-augmented reality, i-robotics, i-3D scanning, ukuqashelwa kwezimpawu, nokuningi.

Amakhamera e-ToFukusebenza ngokukhipha isignali yokukhanya, ngokuvamile ukukhanya kwe-infrared, kanye nokukala isikhathi esithathayo ukuze isignali ibuye emuva ngemva kokushaya izinto endaweni yesehlakalo. Lesi silinganiso sesikhathi sibe sesisetshenziswa ukubala ibanga lezinto, kwakhiwe imephu yokujula noma ukumelwa kwe-3D kwendawo yesehlakalo.

Isikhathi samakhamera endiza

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ubuchwepheshe bokubona ukujula njengokukhanya okuhleliwe noma umbono we-stereo, amakhamera e-ToF anikeza izinzuzo eziningana. Anikeza ulwazi lokujula ngesikhathi sangempela, anomklamo olula, futhi angasebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zokukhanya. Amakhamera e-ToF nawo mancane futhi angafakwa kumadivayisi amancane afana nama-smartphone, amaphilisi, namadivayisi agqokwayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera e-ToF kuyahlukahluka. Ku-augmented reality, amakhamera e-ToF angabona ngokunembile ukujula kwezinto futhi athuthukise ubuqiniso bezinto ezibonakalayo ezibekwe ezweni langempela. Kumarobhothi, enza amarobhothi akwazi ukubona indawo ezungezile futhi azulazule izithiyo ngempumelelo. Ekuskeni kwe-3D, amakhamera e-ToF angathwebula ngokushesha i-geometry yezinto noma izindawo ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene njenge-virtual reality, imidlalo, noma ukuphrinta kwe-3D. Asetshenziswa futhi ezinhlelweni ze-biometric, njengokubona ubuso noma ukuqaphela izimpawu zesandla.

二,Izingxenye zesikhathi samakhamera endiza

Amakhamera esikhathi sokundiza (ToF)Iqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile ezisebenzisana ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuzwa ukujula kanye nokulinganisa ibanga. Izingxenye ezithile zingahluka kuye ngomklamo kanye nomenzi, kodwa nazi izinto eziyisisekelo ezivame ukutholakala ezinhlelweni zamakhamera ze-ToF:

Umthombo Wokukhanya:

Amakhamera e-ToF asebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya ukukhipha isignali yokukhanya, ngokuvamile ngesimo sokukhanya kwe-infrared (IR). Umthombo wokukhanya ungaba yi-LED (Light-Emitting Diode) noma i-laser diode, kuye ngomklamo wekhamera. Ukukhanya okukhishwe kuhamba kuya ezintweni ezisendaweni yesehlakalo.

Ama-Optics:

Ilensi iqoqa ukukhanya okubonakalayo bese ithwebula indawo ezungezile iye ku-sensor yesithombe (i-focal plane array). Isihlungi se-optical band-pass sidlulisa ukukhanya ngobude obufanayo neyunithi yokukhanyisa. Lokhu kusiza ukucindezela ukukhanya okungafanele futhi kunciphise umsindo.

Inzwa yesithombe:

Lena yinhliziyo yekhamera ye-TOF. Iphikseli ngayinye ilinganisa isikhathi esithathwe ukukhanya ukuhamba kusuka kuyunithi yokukhanyisa (i-laser noma i-LED) kuya entweni bese kubuyela ku-focal plane array.

Ukujikeleza Kwesikhathi:

Ukuze kulinganiswe isikhathi sokundiza ngokunembile, ikhamera idinga ukujikeleza kwesikhathi okunembile. Le mjikelezo ilawula ukukhishwa kwesignali yokukhanya futhi ithole isikhathi esithathayo ukuze ukukhanya kuhambele ezintweni bese kubuyela ekhamera. Ivumelanisa izinqubo zokukhishwa kanye nokutholwa ukuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa kwebanga okunembile.

Ukushintshashintsha:

AbanyeAmakhamera e-ToFfaka amasu okuguqula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba nokuqina kokulinganisa ibanga. Lawa makhamera aguqula isignali yokukhanya ekhishwayo ngephethini noma imvamisa ethile. Ukuguqula kusiza ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya okukhishweyo kweminye imithombo yokukhanya okuzungezile futhi kuthuthukisa ikhono lekhamera lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezahlukene endaweni yesehlakalo.

I-Algorithm Yokubala Ukujula:

Ukuze kuguqulwe izilinganiso zesikhathi sokundiza zibe ulwazi lokujula, amakhamera e-ToF asebenzisa ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi. Lawa ma-algorithms ahlaziya idatha yesikhathi etholwe ku-photodetector futhi abale ibanga phakathi kwekhamera nezinto ezisendaweni yesehlakalo. Ama-algorithms okubala ukujula avame ukubandakanya ukunxephezela izici ezifana nesivinini sokusabalala kokukhanya, isikhathi sokuphendula kwenzwa, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokukhanya okuzungezile.

Ukukhishwa Kwedatha Yokujula:

Uma ukubalwa kokujula sekuqediwe, ikhamera ye-ToF inikeza umphumela wedatha yokujula. Lokhu kukhishwa kungathatha isimo semephu yokujula, ifu lamaphuzu, noma ukumelwa kwesimo se-3D. Idatha yokujula ingasetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo ukuvumela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene njengokulandelela izinto, i-augmented reality, noma ukuzulazula kwerobhothi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kanye nezingxenye ezithile zamakhamera e-ToF kungahluka kubakhiqizi namamodeli ahlukene. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ingaletha izici ezengeziwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kanye namakhono ezinhlelo zamakhamera e-ToF.

三、Izicelo

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto

Amakhamera esikhathi sokundizazisetshenziswa emisebenzini yokusiza kanye nokuphepha kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto ezithuthukisiwe njengokuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo okusebenzayo, ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwengozi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphakathi njengokutholwa kokuphuma kwesimo (OOP).

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera e-ToF

Ukuxhumana komshini womuntu kanye nemidlalo

As amakhamera esikhathi sokundizaukuhlinzeka ngezithombe zebanga ngesikhathi sangempela, kulula ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwabantu. Lokhu kuvumela ukusebenzisana okusha namadivayisi abathengi njengamathelevishini. Esinye isihloko ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwamakhamera ukusebenzisana nemidlalo kuma-consoles emidlalo yevidiyo. Inzwa yesizukulwane sesibili se-Kinect eyayifakwe ekuqaleni ne-console ye-Xbox One yayisebenzisa ikhamera yesikhathi sokundiza ukuze ithathe izithombe zayo ezikude, ivumela izixhumi zemvelo zomsebenzisi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zemidlalo kusetshenziswa amasu okubona ikhompyutha kanye nokubona izimpawu.

I-Creative kanye ne-Intel nazo zinikeza uhlobo olufanayo lwekhamera yesikhathi sokundiza esebenzisanayo yokudlala imidlalo, i-Senz3D esekelwe kwikhamera ye-DepthSense 325 ye-Softkinetic. I-Infineon kanye ne-PMD Technologies zivumela amakhamera amancane ahlanganisiwe e-3D depth ukulawula isenzo esiseduze kwamadivayisi abathengi njengama-PC nama-laptop aphelele (amakhamera e-Picco flexx kanye ne-Picco monstar).

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera e-ToF emidlalweni

Amakhamera e-smartphone

Ama-smartphone amaningana afaka amakhamera asebenza ngesikhathi sokundiza. Lawa asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithombe ngokunikeza isofthiwe yekhamera ulwazi mayelana nengaphambili kanye nengemuva. Ifoni yokuqala yeselula eyasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo kwakuyi-LG G3, eyakhishwa ekuqaleni kuka-2014.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera e-ToF kumaselula

Ukulinganisa kanye nombono womshini

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ziyimisebenzi yokulinganisa, isib. ukuphakama kokugcwalisa ezindaweni zokugcina izinto. Embonweni womshini wezimboni, ikhamera yesikhathi sokundiza isiza ukuhlukanisa nokuthola izinto ezizosetshenziswa amarobhothi, njengezinto ezidlula ku-conveyor. Izilawuli zeminyango zingahlukanisa kalula phakathi kwezilwane nabantu abafika emnyango.

Amarobhothi

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwala makhamera insimu yamarobhothi: Amarobhothi ahambayo angakha imephu yendawo ewazungezile ngokushesha okukhulu, okuwenza akwazi ukugwema izithiyo noma ukulandela umuntu oholayo. Njengoba ukubalwa kwebanga kulula, kusetshenziswa amandla amancane kakhulu okubala. Njengoba la makhamera angasetshenziswa futhi ukukala ibanga, amaqembu e-FIRST Robotics Competition aziwa ngokusebenzisa la madivayisi emisebenzini ezimele.

I-topography yomhlaba

Amakhamera e-ToFKusetshenziswe ukuthola amamodeli okuphakama kwedijithali kwesimo somhlaba, ezifundweni ze-geomorphology.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera e-ToF ku-geomorphology