Ibiranga, Imikoreshereze, n'Uburyo bwo Gupima Ikirahure cy'Indorerwamo

Ikirahure cy'urumurini ikirahure cyihariye gikoreshwa mu gukora ibice by'urumuri. Bitewe n'imikorere myiza yarwo n'imiterere yarwo, rugira uruhare runini mu bijyanye n'urumuri kandi rufite akamaro kanini mu nganda zitandukanye.

1.Ni iki?ibintu bidasanzweby'ikirahure cy'urumuri

Gukorera mu mucyo

Ikirahure cy'urumuriifite ubwisanzure bwiza kandi ishobora kohereza urumuri rugaragara n'indi miraba ya elegitoroniki, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byiza byo gukoresha ibice by'urumuri kandi ifite akamaro kanini mu bijyanye n'urumuri.

Ikirahure cy'urumuri

Hkurwanya kurya

Ikirahure cy'urumuri gishobora kugumana imiterere myiza mu bushyuhe buri hejuru kandi kikagira ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Oguhuza kwa ptical

Ikirahure cy’urumuri gifite ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya urumuri n’urumuri, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu gukora ibikoresho by’urumuri bifite imiterere ihamye.

Ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire

Ikirahure cy’urumuri gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese nyinshi kandi gishobora gukora neza mu byuma nka aside na alkali, bityo kigahura n’imikorere isanzwe y’ibikoresho by’urumuri mu bidukikije bitandukanye.

2.Imiterere y'ikirahure cy'urumuri

Ikirahure cy'urumuri gifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, kandi gitandukanye bitewe n'ibice n'imiterere bitandukanye. Dore ahantu henshi hakoreshwa cyane:

Oigikoresho cy'amatwi

Ikirahure cy’urumuri gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibice by’urumuri nk’amabara y’urumuri, prism, amadirishya, filters, nibindi. Ubu gikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bitandukanye by’urumuri nka telesikope, mikorosikopi, kamera, lasers, nibindi.

Porogaramu z'ikirahure cy'urumuri

Osensor ya ptical

Ikirahure cy’urumuri gishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibikoresho by’urumuri, nk’ibikoresho by’ubushyuhe, ibikoresho by’umuvuduko, ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi, n’ibindi. Kinakoreshwa cyane mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, mu buryo bwikora mu nganda, no mu gusuzuma indwara.

Ogutwikira mu maso

Ikirahure cy’urumuri gishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gukora irangi ry’urumuri rifite imiterere yihariye y’urumuri, nk'irangi ridatuma rumurika, irangi rituma rumurika, nibindi, ahanini bikoreshwa mu kunoza imikorere n'imikorere y'ibikoresho by'urumuri.

Itumanaho rya fibre optique

Ikirahure cy’urumuri nacyo ni ingenzi mu itumanaho rigezweho, gikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora imigozi y’urumuri, amplifiers za fibre, n’ibindi bice bya fibre optique.

Ofibre ya ptike

Ikirahure cy’urumuri gishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukora insinga z’urumuri, zikoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho ry’amakuru, mu byuma bipima amakuru, mu bikoresho by’ubuvuzi n’ahandi. Gifite ibyiza byo gukoresha umuyoboro munini w’itumanaho no gutakaza bike.

3.Uburyo bwo gupima ikirahure cy'urumuri

Gupima ikirahure cy’urumuri gikoresha ikoranabuhanga ahanini bikubiyemo isuzuma ry’ubuziranenge n’isuzuma ry’imikorere, kandi muri rusange bikubiyemo uburyo bukurikira bwo gupima:

Igenzura ry'amaso

Igenzura ry’isura ahanini rikubiyemo kwitegereza ubuso bw’ikirahure binyuze mu maso y’abantu kugira ngo harebwe inenge nk’uduheri, imitumba, n’imivune, ndetse n’ibipimo by’ubwiza nk’uko amabara ahuye.

Igenzura ry'ikirahure cy'urumuri

Isuzuma ry'imikorere y'amaso

Isuzuma ry’imikorere y’amajwi rikubiyemo ahanini gupima ibimenyetso nka transmittance, refractive index, dispersion, reflectivity, nibindi. Muri byo, transmittance ishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima transmittance cyangwa spectrophotometer, refractive index ishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe refractometer, dispersion ishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe igikoresho gipima dispersion, na reflection ishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe spectrometer cyangwa igikoresho gipima reflection.

Gutahura ubugari

Intego nyamukuru yo gukora isuzuma ry’ubugari bw’ikirahure ni ukumva niba hari ubugari ku buso bw’ikirahure. Muri rusange, igikoresho cya plate parallel cyangwa uburyo bwa laser interference bukoreshwa mu gupima ubugari bw’ikirahure.

Igenzura ry'imyambaro y'agapira gato

Iyo hari agace gato k’urukiramende ku kirahuri cy’ikirahure, ikizamini ni cyo gikenewe ku gace gato k’urukiramende. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima irangi burimo kureba mikorosikopi, kugenzura mikorosikopi y’ikirahure, gupima ubunini bw’urukiramende, nibindi.

Byongeye kandi, gupima ikirahure cy’urumuri bishobora no kugeragezwa birambuye hashingiwe ku bintu byihariye bikoreshwa n’ibisabwa, nko gusuzuma no gupima imikorere y’ubudasaza, imbaraga zo gukanda, n’ibindi.