Tsarin ƙaramin yanki na infrared da aka saba amfani da shi

Tsarin rabe-raben rabe ɗaya da aka saba amfani da shi na hasken infrared (IR) ya dogara ne akan kewayon tsawon rai. Gabaɗaya ana raba bakan IR zuwa yankuna masu zuwa:

Kusa da Infrared (NIR):Wannan yanki yana tsakanin kimanin nanometer 700 (nm) zuwa micrometer 1.4 (μm) a cikin tsawon tsayi. Sau da yawa ana amfani da hasken NIR a cikin na'urorin sadarwa na nesa, da fiber optic saboda ƙarancin asarar ragewa a cikin matsakaicin gilashin SiO2 (silica). Masu ƙarfafa hoto suna da sauƙin amfani da wannan yanki na bakan; misalai sun haɗa da na'urorin hangen nesa na dare kamar gilashin hangen nesa na dare. Hotunan hangen nesa na kusa-infrared wani aikace-aikace ne na gama gari.

Infrared mai gajeren zango (SWIR):Haka kuma an san shi da yankin "infrared mai gajeren zango" ko "SWIR", yana ƙaruwa daga kimanin μm 1.4 zuwa μm 3. Ana amfani da hasken SWIR sosai a aikace-aikacen hoto, sa ido, da kuma nazarin spectroscopy.

Infrared mai matsakaicin zango (MWIR):Yankin MWIR ya kai daga kimanin μm 3 zuwa 8 μm. Ana amfani da wannan zangon a cikin tsarin daukar hoton zafi, na soja, da kuma tsarin gano iskar gas.

Infrared mai tsawon zango (LWIR):Yankin LWIR yana rufe tsawon raƙuman ruwa daga kusan 8 μm zuwa 15 μm. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin hotunan zafi, tsarin gani na dare, da kuma ma'aunin zafin jiki mara taɓawa.

Infrared mai nisa (FIR):Wannan yanki ya haɗu daga kimanin μm 15 zuwa milimita 1 (mm) a tsawon tsayi. Sau da yawa ana amfani da hasken FIR a fannin ilmin taurari, na'urar gano abubuwa daga nesa, da wasu aikace-aikacen likita.

Zane-zanen kewayon zangon zango

A wasu lokutan ana kiran NIR da SWIR tare "infrared mai nuna haske", yayin da a wasu lokutan ana kiran MWIR da LWIR "infrared mai zafi".

Misali, aikace-aikacen infrared

Ganin dare

Infrared (IR) tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kayan aikin gani na dare, wanda ke ba da damar gano da kuma ganin abubuwa a cikin yanayin da ba su da haske ko duhu. Na'urorin hangen nesa na gargajiya masu ƙarfafa hoto, kamar gilashin hangen nesa na dare ko monoculars, suna ƙara hasken yanayi da ake da shi, gami da duk wani hasken IR da ke akwai. Waɗannan na'urori suna amfani da photocathode don canza photons masu shigowa, gami da photons na IR, zuwa electrons. Sannan ana hanzarta electrons kuma ana ƙara su don ƙirƙirar hoto mai gani. Ana haɗa masu haskaka infrared, waɗanda ke fitar da hasken IR, sau da yawa a cikin waɗannan na'urori don haɓaka gani a cikin duhu ko yanayin haske mai ƙarancin haske inda hasken IR na yanayi bai isa ba.

Yanayin ƙasa da haske

Tsarin Thermography

Ana iya amfani da hasken infrared don tantance zafin abubuwa daga nesa (idan an san fitar da iska). Wannan ana kiransa thermography, ko kuma idan akwai abubuwa masu zafi sosai a cikin NIR ko a bayyane, ana kiransa pyrometry. Ana amfani da Thermography (hoton zafi) galibi a aikace-aikacen soja da masana'antu amma fasahar tana isa ga kasuwar jama'a ta hanyar kyamarorin infrared akan motoci saboda raguwar farashin samarwa sosai.

Aikace-aikacen ɗaukar hoton zafi

Ana iya amfani da hasken infrared don tantance zafin abubuwa daga nesa (idan an san fitar da iska). Wannan ana kiransa thermography, ko kuma idan akwai abubuwa masu zafi sosai a cikin NIR ko a bayyane, ana kiransa pyrometry. Ana amfani da Thermography (hoton zafi) galibi a aikace-aikacen soja da masana'antu amma fasahar tana isa ga kasuwar jama'a ta hanyar kyamarorin infrared akan motoci saboda raguwar farashin samarwa sosai.

Kyamarorin Thermographic suna gano radiation a cikin kewayon infrared na bakan lantarki (kimanin nanometer 9,000–14,000 ko 9-14 μm) kuma suna samar da hotunan wannan radiation. Tunda duk abubuwa suna fitar da radiation infrared bisa ga yanayin zafinsu, bisa ga dokar radiation ta baƙar fata, thermography yana ba da damar "ganin" yanayin mutum tare da haske ko ba tare da shi ba. Adadin radiation da wani abu ke fitarwa yana ƙaruwa tare da zafin jiki, don haka thermography yana ba mutum damar ganin bambance-bambance a cikin zafin jiki.

Hoton Hyperspectral

Hoton hyperspectral wani "hoto" ne da ke ɗauke da ci gaba da bakan ta hanyar kewayon bakan a kowane pixel. Hoton hyperspectral yana ƙara samun mahimmanci a fannin amfani da spectroscopy musamman tare da yankunan NIR, SWIR, MWIR, da LWIR. Amfanin da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da ma'aunin halittu, ma'adanai, tsaro, da masana'antu.

Hoton da ke nuna yanayin zafi (hyperspectral image)

Ana iya yin hoton yanayin zafi na infrared hyperspectral ta amfani da kyamarar thermographic, tare da babban bambanci cewa kowane pixel yana ɗauke da cikakken bakan LWIR. Saboda haka, ana iya yin gano sinadarai na abin ba tare da buƙatar tushen haske na waje kamar Rana ko Wata ba. Irin waɗannan kyamarori galibi ana amfani da su don auna yanayin ƙasa, sa ido a waje da aikace-aikacen UAV.

Dumamawa

Hakika ana iya amfani da hasken infrared (IR) a matsayin tushen dumama da gangan a aikace-aikace daban-daban. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ikon hasken IR na canja wurin zafi kai tsaye zuwa abubuwa ko saman ba tare da dumama iskar da ke kewaye ba sosai. Hakika ana iya amfani da hasken infrared (IR) a matsayin tushen dumama da gangan a aikace-aikace daban-daban. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ikon hasken IR na canja wurin zafi kai tsaye zuwa abubuwa ko saman ba tare da dumama iskar da ke kewaye sosai ba.

Tushen dumama

Ana amfani da hasken infrared sosai a cikin hanyoyin dumama masana'antu daban-daban. Misali, a masana'antu, ana amfani da fitilun IR ko bangarori don dumama kayan aiki, kamar robobi, ƙarfe, ko rufi, don warkarwa, busarwa, ko ƙirƙirar su. Ana iya sarrafa hasken IR daidai kuma a tsara shi, wanda ke ba da damar dumama mai inganci da sauri a takamaiman wurare.