Yintoni iLaser? Umgaqo Wokwenza iLaser

I-laser yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo eziveliswe luluntu, eyaziwa ngokuba "lukukhanya okukhanyayo". Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, sinokubona rhoqo usetyenziso lwe-laser oluhlukeneyo, olufana nobuhle be-laser, ukuwelda nge-laser, izibulali zomngundo nge-laser, njalo njalo. Namhlanje, masiqonde ngokucokisekileyo ii-laser kunye nemigaqo esemva kwesizukulwana sazo.

Yintoni i-laser?

I-laser ngumthombo wokukhanya osebenzisa i-laser ukuvelisa ukukhanya okukhethekileyo. I-laser ivelisa ukukhanya okunciphayo ngokufaka amandla avela kumthombo wokukhanya wangaphandle okanye umthombo wamandla kwizinto ngenkqubo yemitha evuselelweyo.

I-laser sisixhobo esibonakalayo esenziwe ngesixhobo esisebenzayo (njengegesi, esiqinileyo, okanye esilulwelo) esinokukhulisa ukukhanya kunye nesibonisi esibonakalayo. Isixhobo esisebenzayo kwi-laser sidla ngokuba yinto ekhethiweyo necutshungulwayo, kwaye iimpawu zayo zimisela ubude bexesha lemveliso ye-laser.

Ukukhanya okuveliswa yi-laser kuneempawu ezahlukeneyo:

Okokuqala, ii-laser zikhanya ngendlela enye enemitha engqongqo kakhulu kunye namaza okukhanya, anokwanelisa iimfuno ezithile ezikhethekileyo ze-optical.

Okwesibini, i-laser kukukhanya okucacileyo, kwaye isigaba samaza okukhanya sihambelana kakhulu, esinokugcina ukukhanya okuzinzileyo kumgama omde.

Okwesithathu, iilaser zikhanya kakhulu kwaye zinemitha emincinci kakhulu kwaye zigxile kakhulu, nto leyo enokusetyenziselwa ukufezekisa isisombululo esiphezulu sendawo.

I-laser ngumthombo wokukhanya

Umgaqo wokuveliswa kwelaser

Ukuveliswa kwelaser kubandakanya iinkqubo ezintathu ezisisiseko zomzimba: imitha evuselelweyo, ukukhutshwa okuzenzekelayo, kunye nokufunxwa okuvuselelweyo.

Simitha evuselelweyo

Imitha evuselelweyo yeyona nto iphambili ekudalweni kwe-laser. Xa i-electron ekwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla ivuselelwa yenye i-photon, ikhupha i-photon enegunya elifanayo, i-frequency, i-phase, i-polarization state, kunye ne-propagation direction kwicala le-photon. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-stimulated radiation. Oko kukuthi, i-photon inokuthi "iklonye" i-photon efanayo ngenkqubo yemitha evuselelweyo, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ukwanda kokukhanya.

Sukukhutshwa okuzenzekelayo

Xa i-electron ye-athomu, i-ion, okanye i-molecule itshintsha ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi lamandla, ikhupha ii-photon zomlinganiselo othile wamandla, okubizwa ngokuba yi-spontaneous emission. Ukukhutshwa kwee-photon ezinjalo kuyinto engacwangciswanga, kwaye akukho kuhambelana phakathi kwee-photon ezikhutshwayo, oko kuthetha ukuba isigaba sazo, imeko yazo ye-polarization, kunye nolwalathiso lokusasazeka kwazo zonke zi-random.

Sukufunxwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo

Xa i-electron ekwinqanaba lamandla aphantsi ifunxa i-photon enomahluko wenqanaba lamandla alinganayo nelayo, inokuvuselelwa ifikelele kwinqanaba lamandla aphezulu. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-stimulated absorption.

Kwi-laser, umngxuma ojikelezayo owenziwe zizibuko ezibini ezihambelanayo uhlala usetyenziselwa ukuphucula inkqubo yokukhanya okuvuselelekileyo. Esinye isibuko sisibuko esibonakalisa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye esinye isibuko sisibuko esibonakalisa kancinci, esinokuvumela inxalenye ye-laser ukuba idlule.

Iiphoton ezikwi-laser medium ziphinda-phinda zibonakale phakathi kwezipili ezibini, kwaye ukubonakaliswa ngakunye kuvelisa iiphoton ezingaphezulu ngenkqubo yemitha evuselelweyo, ngaloo ndlela kufezekisa ukwanda kokukhanya. Xa amandla okukhanya enyuka ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, i-laser iveliswa ngesipili esibonakalisa kancinci.