2.0, Igihe cyo gukoresha kamera zo mu ndege ni iki?

Kamera zikoresha igihe cyo kuguruka (ToF) ni ubwoko bw'ikoranabuhanga ripima intera iri hagati ya kamera n'ibintu biri aho byabereye hakoreshejwe igihe bifata kugira ngo urumuri rugere ku bintu no kugaruka kuri kamera. Zikunze gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye nko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya augmented reality, robotics, 3D scanning, gesture recognition, n'ibindi.

Kamera za ToFgukora utanga ikimenyetso cy'urumuri, ubusanzwe urumuri rwa infrared, no gupima igihe bifata kugira ngo ikimenyetso gisubire inyuma nyuma yo gukubita ibintu biri aho hantu. Iki gipimo cy'igihe gikoreshwa mu kubara intera iri hagati y'ibintu, hagakorwa ikarita y'ubujyakuzimu cyangwa ishusho ya 3D y'aho hantu.

Igihe kamera zo mu ndege zikoresha

Ugereranyije n'izindi koranabuhanga zo kumenya uburebure bw'amajwi nka structured light cyangwa stereo vision, kamera za ToF zitanga ibyiza byinshi. Zitanga amakuru y'uburebure bw'amajwi mu gihe nyacyo, zifite imiterere yoroshye, kandi zishobora gukora mu bihe bitandukanye by'urumuri. Kamera za ToF nazo ni nto kandi zishobora gushyirwa mu bikoresho bito nka telefoni zigendanwa, tableti, n'ibikoresho byambarwa.

Imikoreshereze ya kamera za ToF iratandukanye. Mu buryo bwa augmented reality, kamera za ToF zishobora kumenya neza uburebure bw'ibintu no kunoza ireme ry'ibintu bifatika biri mu isi nyayo. Muri robotike, zituma roboti zibona ibizikikije no kugenda mu mbogamizi neza. Mu gushakisha mu buryo bwa 3D, kamera za ToF zishobora gufata vuba imiterere y'ibintu cyangwa ibidukikije mu buryo butandukanye nko mu buryo bwa virtual reality, gukina imikino, cyangwa gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D. Zikoreshwa kandi mu buryo bwa biometric, nko kumenya isura cyangwa kumenya ibimenyetso by'intoki.

二、Ibice bigize isaha ya kamera zo mu ndege

Kamera zikoresha igihe cyo kuguruka (ToF)Igizwe n'ibice byinshi by'ingenzi bikorana kugira ngo byoroshye kumenya ubujyakuzimu no gupima intera. Ibice byihariye bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'igishushanyo n'uwabikoze, ariko dore ibintu by'ingenzi biboneka muri sisitemu za kamera za ToF:

Isoko y'urumuri:

Kamera za ToF zikoresha isoko y'urumuri kugira ngo zitange ikimenyetso cy'urumuri, ubusanzwe mu buryo bw'urumuri rwa infrared (IR). Isoko y'urumuri ishobora kuba LED (Light-Emitting Diode) cyangwa laser diode, bitewe n'imiterere ya kamera. Urumuri rusohoka rugenda rwerekeza ku bintu biri aho hantu.

Ibyuma by'urumuri:

Ikirahuri gikusanya urumuri rugaragara hanyuma kigafata amashusho y’ibidukikije kuri sensor y’ishusho (focal plane array). Akayunguruzo k’urukiramende gakoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi gatanga urumuri rufite uburebure bumwe n’ubw’urumuri. Ibi bifasha gukumira urumuri rudafite aho ruhuriye no kugabanya urusaku.

Igikoresho cyo kumenya ishusho:

Iyi ni yo shusho y'umutima wa kamera ya TOF. Buri pixel ipima igihe urumuri rwamaze kuva kuri "lighting unit" (laser cyangwa LED) kugera kuri icyo kintu no gusubira kuri "focal plane array".

Igenamiterere ry'igihe:

Kugira ngo kamera ipime neza igihe cyo kuguruka, ikenera igihe nyacyo cyo kugenzura urumuri. Iyi kamera igenzura uburyo urumuri rusohoka kandi ikamenya igihe bifata kugira ngo urumuri rugere ku bintu no kugaruka kuri kamera. Ihuza uburyo urumuri rusohoka n'uburyo bwo kubitahura kugira ngo harebwe neza ibipimo by'intera.

Guhindura imiterere y'inyuguti:

BimweKamera za ToFGukoresha uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'urumuri kugira ngo binoze uburyo bwo gupima intera neza kandi buhamye. Izi kamera zihindura ikimenyetso cy'urumuri gisohoka hakoreshejwe imiterere cyangwa inshuro runaka. Uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'urumuri bufasha gutandukanya urumuri rusohoka n'andi matara yo mu kirere kandi bukongera ubushobozi bwa kamera bwo gutandukanya ibintu bitandukanye biri aho hantu.

Algorithm yo Kubara Ubujyakuzimu:

Kugira ngo ibipimo by'igihe cyo kuguruka bihindurwemo amakuru y'ubwiyongere bw'ikirere, kamera za ToF zikoresha algorithm zihambaye. Izi algorithm zisesengura amakuru y'igihe yakiriwe n'icyuma gipima ikirere kandi zikabara intera iri hagati ya kamera n'ibintu biri aho byabereye. algorithm zo kubara uburebure bw'ikirere akenshi zisaba kwishyura ibintu nk'umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza urumuri, igihe cyo gusubiza sensor, ndetse n'urumuri rw'ikirere rubangamira.

Amakuru y'Ubujyakuzimu:

Iyo hamaze gukorwa ibarura ry’ubujyakuzimu, kamera ya ToF itanga amakuru y’ubujyakuzimu. Iyi foto ishobora gufata ishusho y’ikarita y’ubujyakuzimu, igicu cy’ingingo, cyangwa ishusho ya 3D y’ahantu haberaga. Amakuru y’ubujyakuzimu ashobora gukoreshwa na porogaramu na sisitemu kugira ngo habeho imikorere itandukanye nko gukurikirana ibintu, augmented reality, cyangwa robotic navigation.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryihariye n'ibice bya kamera za ToF bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'inganda zitandukanye n'amamodeli. Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuzana ibindi bintu n'inyongera kugira ngo kunoze imikorere n'ubushobozi bwa sisitemu za kamera za ToF.

Porogaramu

Porogaramu z'imodoka

Kamera zigaragaza igihe cyo kugurukazikoreshwa mu bikorwa byo gufasha no kubungabunga umutekano mu modoka zigezweho nko kwirinda abanyamaguru, kumenya impanuka mbere y’uko imodoka igwa ndetse no mu nzu nko kumenya aho imodoka ziherereye (OOP).

Ikoreshwa rya kamera za ToF

Imiterere n'imikino y'abantu n'imashini

As kamera zifata igihe cyo kugurukagutanga amashusho y'intera mu gihe nyacyo, biroroshye gukurikirana ingendo z'abantu. Ibi bitanga uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ibikoresho by'abakoresha nka televiziyo. Indi ngingo ni ugukoresha ubwo bwoko bwa kamera kugira ngo zihuze n'imikino kuri konsole z'imikino ya videwo. Sensoreri ya Kinect yo mu gisekuru cya kabiri yari isanzwe iri muri konsole ya Xbox One yakoreshaga kamera ikoresha igihe cyo kuguruka mu gufata amashusho yayo, ifasha abantu gukoresha interineti karemano na porogaramu z'imikino hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kureba no kumenya ibimenyetso bya mudasobwa.

Creative na Intel kandi bitanga ubwoko busa nabwo bwa kamera ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gihe cyo gusiganwa ku maguru, Senz3D ishingiye kuri kamera ya DepthSense 325 ya Softkinetic. Infineon na PMD Technologies bitanga kamera ntoya za 3D zikoreshwa mu kugenzura ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nka mudasobwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa (Picco flexx na Picco monstar cameras).

Ikoreshwa rya kamera za ToF mu mikino

Kamera zigendanwa

Telefoni nyinshi zigendanwa zirimo kamera zikoresha igihe cyo kuguruka. Izi zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kunoza ireme ry'amafoto binyuze mu guha porogaramu ya kamera amakuru yerekeye imbere n'inyuma. Telefoni ya mbere igendanwa yakoresheje ikoranabuhanga nk'iryo ni LG G3, yasohotse mu ntangiriro za 2014.

Ikoreshwa rya kamera za ToF muri telefoni zigendanwa

Igipimo n'icyerekezo cy'imashini

Izindi porogaramu ni imirimo yo gupima, urugero nko ku burebure bw'umubyigano mu byuma bicukura. Mu imashini zikora mu nganda, kamera ikoresha igihe cyo kuguruka ifasha gushyira mu byiciro no kumenya aho ibintu bikoreshwa na roboti, nk'ibintu binyura kuri kontineri. Igenzura ry'inzugi rishobora gutandukanya byoroshye inyamaswa n'abantu bagera ku muryango.

Robotike

Indi mikoreshereze y'izi kamera ni ishami rya roboti: Roboti zigendanwa zishobora gukora ikarita y'ibizikikije vuba cyane, bigatuma zirinda imbogamizi cyangwa gukurikira umuntu ukomeye. Kubera ko kubara intera byoroshye, ingufu nke zo kubara ni zo zikoreshwa. Kubera ko izi kamera zishobora no gukoreshwa mu gupima intera, amakipe y'Irushanwa rya FIRST Robotics azwiho gukoresha ibikoresho mu bikorwa byigenga.

Imiterere y'isi

Kamera za ToFbyakoreshejwe mu kubona ingero z'ubutumburuke bw'isi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, mu bushakashatsi ku birebana n'imiterere y'isi.

Ikoreshwa rya kamera za ToF muri geomorphology