Laser ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe anthu apanga, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "kuwala kowala kwambiri". M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, nthawi zambiri timatha kuwona ntchito zosiyanasiyana za laser, monga kukongola kwa laser, kuwotcherera laser, kupha udzudzu pogwiritsa ntchito laser, ndi zina zotero. Lero, tiyeni timvetsetse bwino za laser ndi mfundo zomwe zayambitsa mbadwo wawo.
Kodi laser ndi chiyani?
Laser ndi gwero la kuwala lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito laser kupanga kuwala kwapadera. Laser imapanga kuwala kochepa mwa kulowetsa mphamvu kuchokera ku gwero lakunja la kuwala kapena gwero lamphamvu mu chinthucho kudzera mu njira ya kuwala kolimbikitsidwa.
Laser ndi chipangizo chowunikira chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chowunikira chogwira ntchito (monga gasi, cholimba, kapena chamadzimadzi) chomwe chingakulitse kuwala ndi chowunikira chowunikira. Chowunikira chogwira ntchito mu laser nthawi zambiri chimakhala chinthu chosankhidwa ndikukonzedwa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amatsimikizira kutalika kwa mphamvu ya laser.
Kuwala komwe kumapangidwa ndi lasers kuli ndi mawonekedwe apadera:
Choyamba, ma laser ndi kuwala kwa monochromatic komwe kumakhala ndi ma frequency okhwima kwambiri komanso ma wavelength, omwe amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zina zapadera za kuwala.
Kachiwiri, laser ndi kuwala kogwirizana, ndipo gawo la mafunde a kuwala limakhala lofanana kwambiri, lomwe limatha kusunga mphamvu yowala yokhazikika patali.
Chachitatu, ma laser ndi kuwala kolunjika bwino komwe kuli ndi matabwa opapatiza kwambiri komanso kuyang'ana bwino kwambiri, komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti pakhale mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Laser ndi gwero la kuwala
Mfundo yopanga laser
Kupanga laser kumaphatikizapo njira zitatu zazikulu zakuthupi: kuwala kolimbikitsidwa, kutulutsa mwadzidzidzi, ndi kuyamwa kolimbikitsidwa.
Skuwala kosinthidwa nthawi
Kuwala kolimbikitsidwa ndi chinsinsi cha kupanga laser. Pamene electron yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zambiri ikukhudzidwa ndi photon ina, imatulutsa photon yokhala ndi mphamvu yomweyo, ma frequency, gawo, polarization state, ndi njira yofalitsira mbali ya photon imeneyo. Njirayi imatchedwa kuwala kolimbikitsidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, photon imatha "kupanga" photon yofanana kudzera mu njira ya kuwala kolimbikitsidwa, motero imapangitsa kuwala kukulirakulira.
Skutulutsa mpweya mwadzidzidzi
Pamene ma elekitironi a atomu, ayoni, kapena molekyulu asintha kuchoka pamlingo wapamwamba wa mphamvu kupita pamlingo wotsika wa mphamvu, amatulutsa ma photoni a mphamvu inayake, yomwe imatchedwa kutulutsa kwadzidzidzi. Kutuluka kwa ma photoni otere kumachitika mwachisawawa, ndipo palibe mgwirizano pakati pa ma photoni otulutsidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gawo lawo, momwe amakhalira, ndi momwe amafalikira zonse ndi mwachisawawa.
Skuyamwa kwachangu
Pamene electron yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yochepa imatenga photon yokhala ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu yofanana ndi yake, imatha kusunthidwa kufika pamlingo wapamwamba wa mphamvu. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kuyamwa kolimbikitsidwa.
Mu ma laser, malo ozungulira okhala ndi magalasi awiri ofanana nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo njira yowunikira yomwe imayambitsidwa. Galasi limodzi ndi galasi lowunikira kwathunthu, ndipo galasi lina ndi galasi lowunikira pang'ono, lomwe limalola gawo lina la laser kudutsa.
Ma photoni omwe ali mu laser medium amawunikira pakati pa magalasi awiri, ndipo kuwunikira kulikonse kumapanga ma photoni ambiri kudzera mu njira yowunikira yomwe imayambitsidwa, motero zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kuwonjezereke. Pamene mphamvu ya kuwala ikuwonjezeka kufika pamlingo winawake, laser imapangidwa kudzera mu galasi lowunikira pang'ono.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-07-2023
