一, uhlelo oluvame ukusetshenziswa lokuhlukanisa i-infrared

Uhlelo olulodwa olusetshenziswa kakhulu lokuhlukanisa imisebe ye-infrared (IR) lusekelwe ebangeni lamaza. I-spectrum ye-IR ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngezifunda ezilandelayo:

I-Near-infrared (NIR):Lesi sifunda sisukela kuma-nanometer angaba ngu-700 (nm) kuya kuma-micrometer angu-1.4 (μm) ubude be-wavelength. Imisebe ye-NIR ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuzweleni okude, ukuxhumana nge-fiber optic ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okuphansi kwe-attenuation endaweni yengilazi ye-SiO2 (silica). Ama-image intensifiers azwela kule ndawo ye-spectrum; izibonelo zifaka phakathi amadivayisi okubona ebusuku njengezibuko zokubona ebusuku. I-Near-infrared spectroscopy ingenye indlela evamile yokusebenzisa.

I-infrared yobude obufushane (i-SWIR):Eyaziwa nangokuthi “isifunda se-shortwave infrared” noma “isifunda se-SWIR”, isukela cishe ku-1.4 μm kuya ku-3 μm. Imisebe ye-SWIR ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuthathweni kwezithombe, ukuqapha, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-spectroscopy.

I-infrared yobude obuphakathi (MWIR):Isifunda se-MWIR sisukela cishe ku-3 μm kuya ku-8 μm. Lolu hlu luvame ukusetshenziswa ekuthwebuleni izithombe ezishisayo, ekuqondisweni kwezempi, kanye nasezinhlelweni zokuthola igesi.

I-infrared yobude obude (LWIR):Isifunda se-LWIR simboza ubude bamaza obusukela cishe ku-8 μm kuya ku-15 μm. Sivame ukusetshenziswa ekuthwebuleni izithombe ezishisayo, ezinhlelweni zokubona ebusuku, kanye nokulinganisa izinga lokushisa okungathintani.

I-infrared ekude (i-FIR):Lesi sifunda sisukela cishe ku-15 μm kuya ku-1 millimeter (mm) ubude be-wavelength. Imisebe ye-FIR ivame ukusetshenziswa kwezesayensi yezinkanyezi, ukuzwela kude, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha.

Umdwebo webanga lobude bamagagasi

I-NIR kanye ne-SWIR ndawonye ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi “i-infrared ebonisiwe”, kanti i-MWIR kanye ne-LWIR ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi “i-thermal infrared”.

二, Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-infrared

Umbono wasebusuku

I-infrared (IR) idlala indima ebalulekile emishinini yokubona ebusuku, okwenza kube lula ukubona nokubona izinto ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane noma ezimnyama. Amadivayisi okubona ebusuku aqiniswa ngesithombe sendabuko, njengezibuko zokubona ebusuku noma ama-monocular, akhulisa ukukhanya okukhona, okuhlanganisa noma yimiphi imisebe ye-IR ekhona. Lawa madivayisi asebenzisa i-photocathode ukuguqula ama-photon angenayo, okuhlanganisa nama-photon e-IR, abe ama-electron. Ama-electron abe esesheshiswa futhi akhuliswe ukuze adale isithombe esibonakalayo. Ama-infrared illuminators, akhipha ukukhanya kwe-IR, avame ukufakwa kula madivayisi ukuze athuthukise ukubonakala ebumnyameni obuphelele noma ezimweni zokukhanya okuncane lapho imisebe ye-IR enganele khona.

Indawo enokukhanya okuphansi

I-Thermography

Imisebe ye-infrared ingasetshenziswa ukunquma izinga lokushisa lezinto kude (uma ukukhishwa kwe-emissivity kwaziwa). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-thermography, noma uma kwenzeka izinto ezishisa kakhulu ku-NIR noma ezibonakalayo kubizwa ngokuthi i-pyrometry. I-Thermography (i-thermal imaging) isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezempi nasezimbonini kodwa ubuchwepheshe bufinyelela emakethe yomphakathi ngesimo samakhamera e-infrared ezimotweni ngenxa yezindleko zokukhiqiza ezincishisiwe kakhulu.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezithombe ezishisayo

Imisebe ye-infrared ingasetshenziswa ukunquma izinga lokushisa lezinto kude (uma ukukhishwa kwe-emissivity kwaziwa). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-thermography, noma uma kwenzeka izinto ezishisa kakhulu ku-NIR noma ezibonakalayo kubizwa ngokuthi i-pyrometry. I-Thermography (i-thermal imaging) isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezempi nasezimbonini kodwa ubuchwepheshe bufinyelela emakethe yomphakathi ngesimo samakhamera e-infrared ezimotweni ngenxa yezindleko zokukhiqiza ezincishisiwe kakhulu.

Amakhamera e-thermographic athola imisebe ebangeni le-infrared le-spectrum ye-electromagnetic (cishe ama-nanometer angu-9,000–14,000 noma ama-μm angu-9–14) futhi akhiqize izithombe zalowo msebe. Njengoba imisebe ye-infrared ikhishwa yizo zonke izinto ngokusekelwe emazingeni okushisa azo, ngokomthetho wemisebe yomzimba omnyama, i-thermography yenza kube nokwenzeka "ukubona" ​​indawo yomuntu ngokukhanya okubonakalayo noma ngaphandle kokukhanya. Inani lemisebe ekhishwa yinto liyakhula ngokushisa, ngakho-ke i-thermography ivumela umuntu ukuthi abone ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

Ukuthwebula izithombe nge-Hyperspectral

Isithombe se-hyperspectral "siyisithombe" esiqukethe i-spectrum eqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa ububanzi be-spectral ku-pixel ngayinye. Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-hyperspectral kuya ngokuya kubaluleka emkhakheni we-spectroscopy esetshenzisiwe ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ze-spectral ze-NIR, SWIR, MWIR, kanye ne-LWIR. Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kufaka phakathi izilinganiso zezinto eziphilayo, ze-mineralogical, zokuzivikela, kanye nezezimboni.

Isithombe se-hyperspectral

Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-infrared hyperspectral ezishisayo kungenziwa ngendlela efanayo kusetshenziswa ikhamera ye-thermographic, umehluko omkhulu wokuthi iphikseli ngayinye iqukethe i-spectrum ephelele ye-LWIR. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlonza amakhemikhali kwento kungenziwa ngaphandle kwesidingo somthombo wokukhanya wangaphandle njengeLanga noma iNyanga. Amakhamera anjalo ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ekulinganisweni kwe-geological, ukuqapha kwangaphandle kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-UAV.

Ukushisa

Imisebe ye-infrared (IR) ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokushisa ngamabomu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yamandla emisebe ye-IR okudlulisa ukushisa ngqo ezintweni noma ezindaweni ngaphandle kokushisa kakhulu umoya ozungezile. Imisebe ye-infrared (IR) ingasetshenziswa ngempela njengomthombo wokushisa ngamabomu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yamandla emisebe ye-IR okudlulisa ukushisa ngqo ezintweni noma ezindaweni ngaphandle kokushisa kakhulu umoya ozungezile.

Umthombo wokushisa

Imisebe ye-infrared isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni ezahlukene zokushisa zezimboni. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni, izibani ze-IR noma amaphaneli zivame ukusetshenziswa ukufudumeza izinto, njengepulasitiki, izinsimbi, noma izembozo, ukuze kulungiswe, komiswe, noma kwenziwe. Imisebe ye-IR ingalawulwa futhi iqondiswe ngokunembile, okuvumela ukufudumeza okusebenzayo nokusheshayo ezindaweni ezithile.