1. Sensor y'igihe cyo kuguruka (ToF) ni iki?

Kamera ifata igihe cyo kuguruka ni iki? Ese ni kamera ifata indege? Ese hari aho ihuriye n'indege cyangwa indege? Mu by'ukuri iragenda cyane!

ToF ni igipimo cy'igihe bifata kugira ngo ikintu, agace gato cyangwa umuraba bigire intera. Ese wari uzi ko sisitemu ya sonar y'agasimba ikora? Sisitemu yo kuguruka isa n'iyo!

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho bipima igihe cyo kuguruka, ariko inyinshi muri byo ni kamera zipima igihe cyo kuguruka na scanner za laser, zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryitwa lidar (gupima urumuri no kurangira) kugira ngo zipime ubujyakuzimu bw'ingingo zitandukanye mu ishusho zikoresheje urumuri rwa infrared.

Amakuru yakozwe kandi agafatwa hakoreshejwe sensor za ToF ni ingirakamaro cyane kuko ashobora gutanga uburyo bwo kumenya abanyamaguru, kwemeza abakoresha hashingiwe ku miterere y'isura, gushushanya ibidukikije hakoreshejwe algorithme za SLAM (ahantu hamwe na hamwe hahurira abantu) n'ibindi byinshi.

Ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu ma robots, imodoka zitwara abantu, ndetse no muri iki gihe terefone yawe igendanwa. Urugero, niba ukoresha Huawei P30 Pro, Oppo RX17 Pro, LG G8 ThinQ, nibindi, terefone yawe ifite kamera ya ToF!

Kamera ya ToF

2. Imashini ipima igihe cyo kuguruka ikora ite?

Noneho, twifuza gutanga incamake y'icyo sensor y'igihe cyo kuguruka ari cyo n'uko ikora.

ToFIbikoresho bikoresha imirasire mito cyane kugira ngo bisohore urumuri rwa infrared, aho urumuri ruvuyemo ruhita ruguruka ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose rugasubira kuri sensor. Hashingiwe ku itandukaniro ry'igihe hagati y'isohoka ry'urumuri n'igaruka kuri sensor nyuma yo kugaragara n'ikintu, sensor ishobora gupima intera iri hagati y'ikintu n'icyuma gipima.

Uyu munsi, turasuzuma uburyo bubiri ToF ikoresha igihe cy'urugendo kugira ngo imenye intera n'ubujyakuzimu: gukoresha igihe cyo gupima, no gukoresha uburyo bwo guhindura intera y'imiraba ya modulated waves.

Koresha impumuro zagenwe ku gihe

Urugero, ikora binyuze mu kumurikira intego ikoresheje laser, hanyuma igapima urumuri rugaragara ikoresheje scanner, hanyuma igakoresha umuvuduko w'urumuri kugira ngo isobanure intera y'ikintu kugira ngo ibarwe neza intera yagenze. Byongeye kandi, itandukaniro ry'igihe cyo kugaruka kwa laser n'uburebure bw'uburebure rikoreshwa mu gukora ishusho nyayo ya 3D n'imiterere y'ubuso bw'ikintu, no kwerekana imiterere yacyo ku buryo bugaragara.

Nkuko mubibona haruguru, urumuri rwa laser rurazimya hanyuma rugasubira kuri sensor. Mu gihe cyo kugaruka kwa laser, kamera za ToF zishobora gupima intera nyayo mu gihe gito bitewe n'umuvuduko w'urugendo rw'urumuri. (ToF ihinduka intera) Iyi ni formula ikoreshwa n'umuhanga mu by'isesengura kugira ngo agere ku ntera nyayo y'ikintu:

(umuvuduko w'urumuri x igihe cyo kuguruka) / 2

ToF ihinduka intera

Nkuko mubibona, igihe kizatangira mu gihe urumuri ruzimye, kandi iyo uwakiraga yakiriye urumuri rwo kugarura, igihe kizagaruka. Iyo ukuyemo kabiri, "igihe cyo kuguruka" k'urumuri kiraboneka, kandi umuvuduko w'urumuri ntuhinduka, bityo intera ishobora kubarwa byoroshye hakoreshejwe formula yavuzwe haruguru. Muri ubu buryo, ingingo zose ziri ku buso bw'ikintu zishobora kumenyekana.

Koresha ihinduka ry'icyiciro cy'umuraba wa AM

Ibikurikiraho,ToFishobora kandi gukoresha imiraba ikomeza kugira ngo imenye ihinduka ry'urumuri rugaragara kugira ngo imenye ubujyakuzimu n'intera.

Ihinduka ry'icyiciro hakoreshejwe umuraba wa AM

Mu guhindura uburebure bw'urumuri, birema isoko y'urumuri rwa sinusoidal rufite umurongo uzwi, bigatuma icyuma gipima urumuri gishobora kumenya ihinduka ry'urumuri rwagaragaye gikoresheje formula ikurikira:

aho c ari umuvuduko w'urumuri (c = 3 × 10^8 m/s), λ ni uburebure bw'urumuri (λ = 15 m), naho f ikaba ari inshuro, buri gace ka sensor gashobora kubarwa mu buryo bworoshye mu buryo bwimbitse.

Ibi bintu byose bibaho vuba cyane mu gihe dukora ku muvuduko w'urumuri. Ese ushobora kwiyumvisha uburyo ibyuma bipima neza kandi bipima neza? Reka ntange urugero, urumuri rugenda ku muvuduko wa kilometero 300.000 ku isegonda, niba ikintu kiri kuri metero 5 uvuye aho uri, itandukaniro ry'igihe hagati y'urumuri ruva kuri kamera no kugaruka ni nk'amasegonda 33, bingana gusa n'amasegonda 0.000000033! Wow! Ntibibuze kandi, amakuru yafashwe azaguha ishusho nyayo ya 3D kuri buri pikseli iri ku ishusho.

Uko ihame ryakoreshejwe ryaba riri kose, gutanga urumuri rumurikira ahantu hose bituma sensor ibasha kumenya ubujyakuzimu bw'ingingo zose. Ibi biguha ikarita y'intera aho buri pixel ishyira intera igana ku ngingo ijyanye n'aho iri muri iyo scene. Urugero rukurikira ni urugero rwa graph ya ToF:

Urugero rw'imbonerahamwe y'urutonde rwa ToF

None se ko tuzi ko ToF ikora, kuki ari nziza? Kuki uyikoresha? Ni iyihe nyungu zayo? Ntugahangayike, hari ibyiza byinshi byo gukoresha sensor ya ToF, ariko birumvikana ko hari imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe.

3. Ibyiza byo gukoresha ibyuma bipima igihe cyo kuguruka

Gupima neza kandi byihuse

Ugereranyije n'izindi sensor zireba kure nka ultrasound cyangwa laser, sensor zireba igihe cyo kuguruka zishobora gukora ishusho ya 3D y'ahantu runaka vuba cyane. Urugero, kamera ya ToF irashobora kubikora rimwe gusa. Si ibyo gusa, sensor ya ToF ibasha kubona ibintu neza mu gihe gito kandi ntigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe, umuvuduko w'umwuka n'ubushyuhe, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu nzu no hanze.

intera ndende

Kubera ko sensor za ToF zikoresha laser, zishobora no gupima intera ndende n'uburebure mu buryo bunonosoye cyane. sensor za ToF ziroroshye kuko zishobora kubona ibintu bya hafi na kure by'imiterere n'ingano zose.

Nanone kandi irahinduka kuko ushobora guhindura optique ya sisitemu kugira ngo ikore neza, aho ushobora guhitamo ubwoko bwa transmitter na receiver hamwe na lenses kugira ngo ubone aho wifuza.

Umutekano

Nahangayikishijwe n'uko laser yo muriToFEse sensor izagukomeretsa amaso? ntugire ikibazo! Ibikoresho byinshi bya ToF ubu bikoresha laser ya infrared ifite imbaraga nke nk'isoko y'urumuri kandi ikayitwara ikoresheje imivuduko yahinduwe. Iyi sensor yujuje amabwiriza y'umutekano ya laser yo mu cyiciro cya mbere kugira ngo irebe ko ari nziza ku jisho ry'umuntu.

ihendutse

Ugereranyije n'izindi koranabuhanga zo gupima ubujyakuzimu bwa 3D nka sisitemu za kamera z'urumuri cyangwa se ibyuma bipima urumuri bya laser, sensor za ToF zirahendutse cyane ugereranije na zo.

Nubwo hari izo mbogamizi zose, ToF iracyari yizewe cyane kandi ni uburyo bwihuse bwo gufata amakuru ya 3D.

4. Imbibi za ToF

Nubwo ToF ifite ibyiza byinshi, ifite n'imbogamizi. Zimwe mu mbogamizi za ToF zirimo:

• Umucyo utandukanye

Iyo ubuso bugaragara cyane buri hafi cyane ya sensor yawe ya ToF, bushobora gukwirakwiza urumuri rwinshi muri receiver yawe bigatuma habaho ibintu bitandukanye n'amashusho adakenewe, kubera ko sensor yawe ya ToF ikeneye gusa kwerekana urumuri iyo igipimo kimaze gutegurwa.

• Ibitekerezo byinshi

Iyo ukoresheje sensor za ToF ku mfuruka no ku miterere y’inyuma, bishobora gutera urumuri rudakenewe, kuko urumuri rushobora gukururuka inshuro nyinshi, bigatuma igipimo kidahinduka.

• Umucyo uri hagati y'ikirere

Gukoresha kamera ya ToF hanze mu zuba ryinshi bishobora kugorana kuyikoresha hanze. Ibi biterwa n'ubukana bwinshi bw'izuba butuma pixels za sensor zihita zuzuzwa, bigatuma bidashoboka kumenya urumuri nyarwo rugaragara mu kintu.

• Umwanzuro

Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa ToF naLenzi ya ToFirashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Kuva ku ikarita ya 3D, ikoranabuhanga ryo mu nganda, kumenya inzitizi, imodoka zitwara zonyine, ubuhinzi, robotiki, inzira zo mu nzu, kumenya ibimenyetso by'inyuguti, gupima ibintu, gupima, kugenzura kugeza ku kuri kwagutse! Imikoreshereze y'ikoranabuhanga rya ToF ni myinshi cyane.

Ushobora kutwandikira ku byo ukeneye byose ku bijyanye n'indorerwamo za ToF.

Chuang An Optoelectronics yibanda ku mboni z'amaso zigezweho kugira ngo habeho ikirango cyiza cy'amashusho

Chuang An Optoelectronics ubu yakoze ubwoko butandukanye bwaIndorerwamo za TOFnka:

CH3651A f3.6mm F1.2 1/2 ″ IR850nm

CH3651B f3.6mm F1.2 1/2 ″ IR940nm

CH3652A f3.3mm F1.1 1/3 ″ IR850nm

CH3652B f3.3mm F1.1 1/3 ″ IR940nm

CH3653A f3.9mm F1.1 1/3 ″ IR850nm

CH3653B f3.9mm F1.1 1/3 ″ IR940nm

CH3654A f5.0mm F1.1 1/3″ IR850nm

CH3654B f5.0mm F1.1 1/3″ IR940nm