Ci gaba da amfani da na'urorin gani na gani ya taimaka wa likitancin zamani da kimiyyar rayuwa shiga cikin wani mataki na ci gaba cikin sauri, kamar tiyatar da ba ta da tasiri sosai, maganin laser, gano cututtuka, binciken halittu, nazarin DNA, da sauransu.

Tiyata da Magungunan Magunguna

Matsayin na'urorin gani a tiyata da kuma na'urorin pharmacokinetics galibi yana bayyana ne ta fannoni biyu: hasken laser da kuma hasken da ke cikin jiki.

1. Amfani da laser a matsayin tushen makamashi

An gabatar da manufar maganin laser a cikin tiyatar ido a shekarun 1960. Lokacin da aka gane nau'ikan laser daban-daban da halayensu, an faɗaɗa maganin laser cikin sauri zuwa wasu fannoni.

Tushen hasken laser daban-daban (gas, solid, da sauransu) na iya fitar da lasers masu pulsed (Pulsed Lasers) da lasers masu ci gaba (Continuous wave), waɗanda ke da tasiri daban-daban akan kyallen jikin ɗan adam daban-daban. Waɗannan tushen haske galibi sun haɗa da: laser ruby ​​​​pulsed (Pulsed ruby ​​​​​​laser); laser argon ion mai ci gaba (CW argon ion laser); laser carbon dioxide mai ci gaba (CW CO2); laser yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG). Saboda laser carbon dioxide mai ci gaba da laser da yttrium aluminum garnet laser suna da tasirin coagulation na jini lokacin yanke kyallen ɗan adam, ana amfani da su sosai a tiyata gabaɗaya.

Tsawon tsawon laser da ake amfani da shi a fannin likitanci ya fi 100 nm. Ana amfani da shawar lasers masu tsawon tsayi daban-daban a cikin kyallen jikin ɗan adam don faɗaɗa aikace-aikacensa na likitanci. Misali, lokacin da tsawon laser ɗin ya fi 1um girma, ruwa shine babban abin sha. Lasers ba wai kawai suna iya samar da tasirin zafi a cikin shawarwar kyallen ɗan adam don yankewa da kuma coagulation na tiyata ba, har ma suna samar da tasirin injiniya.

Musamman bayan da mutane suka gano tasirin injina marasa layi na lasers, kamar samar da kumfa mai ƙarfi da raƙuman matsin lamba, an yi amfani da lasers a dabarun katsewar haske, kamar tiyatar cataract da tiyatar sinadarai ta niƙa dutse a koda. Lasers kuma na iya samar da tasirin photochemical don jagorantar magungunan ciwon daji tare da masu shiga tsakani masu amsawa ga haske don fitar da tasirin magani a takamaiman wuraren nama, kamar maganin PDT. Laser tare da pharmacokinetics yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannin maganin daidaito.

2. Amfani da haske a matsayin kayan aiki don haskakawa da ɗaukar hoto a cikin jiki

Tun daga shekarun 1990, CCD (Charge-Coupled)An shigar da kyamarar na'ura a cikin tiyatar da ba ta da tasiri sosai (Minimally Invasive Therapy, MIT), kuma na'urorin gani sun sami canji mai kyau a aikace-aikacen tiyata. Tasirin hoton haske a cikin tiyatar da ba ta da tasiri sosai da kuma buɗewa galibi sun haɗa da endoscopes, tsarin hotunan ƙananan hotuna, da hoton holographic na tiyata.

Mai sassauciƘanshin ..., ciki har da gastroenteroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, angioscopy, da sauransu.

Hanyar gani ta endoscope

Hanyar gani ta endoscope ta ƙunshi tsarin haske da hoto guda biyu masu zaman kansu da kuma waɗanda aka tsara.

TauriƘanshin ..., ciki har da arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, ventriculoscopy, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, otolinoscopy, da sauransu.

Na'urorin endoscope masu ƙarfi gabaɗaya suna da kusurwoyi da dama na gani da aka gyara don zaɓa daga ciki, kamar digiri 30, digiri 45, digiri 60, da sauransu.

Kyamarar jiki ƙarama na'urar daukar hoto ce da aka gina a kan ƙaramin dandamalin fasahar CMOS da CCD. Misali, endoscope na capsule,PillCam. Yana iya shiga tsarin narkewar abinci na jikin ɗan adam don duba raunuka da kuma sa ido kan tasirin magunguna.

Endoscope na capsule

Na'urar hangen nesa ta holographic ta tiyata, wata na'urar daukar hoto da ake amfani da ita don kallon hotunan kyallen jiki na 3D a cikin tiyatar da ta dace, kamar tiyatar jijiyoyi don craniotomy.

Na'urar hangen nesa ta holographic microscope ta tiyata

A taƙaice:

1. Saboda tasirin zafi, tasirin injiniya, tasirin daukar hoto da sauran tasirin halittu na laser, ana amfani da shi sosai a matsayin tushen kuzari a cikin tiyata mai ƙarancin mamayewa, magani mara mamayewa da kuma maganin magunguna da aka yi niyya.

2. Saboda ci gaban fasahar daukar hoto, kayan aikin daukar hoto na likitanci sun sami babban ci gaba a fannin daukar hoto mai inganci da kuma rage girmansa, wanda hakan ya sanya harsashin yin tiyata mai saukin kamuwa da cutarwa. A halin yanzu, na'urorin daukar hoto na likitanci da aka fi amfani da su sun hada daendoscopes, hotunan holographic da tsarin ƙananan hotuna.