Kuyini Ukukhanya Okuhlobene? Uyichaza Kanjani Igrafu Yejika Lokukhanya Okuhlobene?

1.Kuyini ukukhanya okulinganiselwe?

Imiphetho yento ibonakala imnyama ngokuphawulekayo; ingabe lokhu kungathuthukiswa? Namuhla sizobheka le pharamitha—ukukhanya okuhlobene.

Incazelo: Ukukhanya yizinga lokukhanya eliboniswa yinto noma indawo lapho kukhanyiswa umthombo wokukhanya.

Ukukhanya okuhlobene kubhekisela esilinganisweni sokukhanya emaphethelweni ensimu yokubuka nokukhanya okuphakathi, okuvezwa njengephesenti. Kuyipharamitha echaza isenzakalo sokubona esibangelwa yingxenye yokukhanya engena kulensi evinjiwe noma encishisiwe. Ekwakhiweni kokubona, ijika lokukhanya elihlobene linikeza ukumelwa okubonakalayo kokukhanya ezindaweni ezahlukene ensimini yokubuka uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhungo.

2.Yiziphi izici ezithinta ukukhanya okuhlobene?

(1)Okwesinepamandla kacUmthetho we-osine

Ukukhanya emaphethelweni ensimu yokubuka kwehla ngokulingana, futhi lokhu kuhlobene namandla esine e-cosine ye-engeli yokubuka. Amandla esine omthetho we-cosine ayisimiso esibalulekile esichaza ukuncishiswa kobukhulu bokukhanya kuma-engeli ahlukene, futhi kusebenza ikakhulukazi ekuhlaziyweni kwezimpawu zokukhanya kwemithombo yamaphuzu noma imithombo yokukhanya emincane ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Uma ukukhanya okuvela emthonjeni wephuzu kwenzeka endaweni ekhoneni elingu-θ, amandla (noma ukukhanya) okutholwa yileyo ndawo alingana ne-cos⁴θ, okungukuthi, I(θ) = I(0)·cos⁴θ. Kuphi:

I(0) ukuqina kokukhanya lapho umthombo wokukhanya uvela ngokuma (θ=0°);

I-θ yi-engeli ephakathi komsebe wokukhanya owenzekile kanye nobuso obujwayelekile;

I(θ) ukuqina kokukhanya nge-engeli θ.

Le fomula ichaza ukuthi kungani ubude obufushane bokugxilaAmalensi e-FAabonisa ukwehla okukhulu kokukhanya emaphethelweni. Ngenxa yokuthi amalensi amafushane e-focal length ngokuvamile anensimu enkulu yokubuka, kulula ukuqonda kusuka kufomula engenhla ukuthi amaphethelo azoba mnyama kakhulu, ngisho nangaphandle kwethonya lanoma yiziphi ezinye izici.

(2)Ukuzifihla

Eminye yemisebe yokukhanya ivinjiwe yibharele yelensi noma imiphetho yezakhi zelensi, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla okukhanya atholakala emaphethelweni esenzwa yekhamera. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-vignetting. I-animation engezansi ibonisa ngokubonakalayo ukwakheka kwe-vignetting.

Ukwakheka kwe-vignetting

Kumalensi angokoqobo, ngenxa yokuba khona kokuphazamiseka, ngezinye izikhathi sidinga ukuvimba ngokwenziwa eminye yemisebe yokukhanya eyingozi ethinta ukwakheka kwesithombe. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe, kodwa futhi kwandisa ukugqama, okunciphisa ukukhanya okulinganiselwe.

(3)Ukufakwa kwelensi nosayizi we-chip akuhambisani

Lapho isiyingi sesithombe seilensiincane kunosayizi ovundlile wenzwa, imiphetho yensimu yokubuka izoba mnyama ngokwemvelo noma ibe mnyama ngokuphelele, lapho ukukhanya okulinganiselwe emaphethelweni kuzoba ngu-0%.

3.Uyichaza kanjani igrafu yejika lokukhanya elihlobene?

Imephu yokukhanya okuhlobene

Esithombeni, iphuzu 1: Amajika anemibala ehlukene amelela ukukhanya okuhlobene kuzilungiselelo ezahlukene zokuvula.

Esithombeni, iphuzu 2: I-axis evundlile imelela ukuphakama kwesithombe okuhlukene kwelensi (kusetshenziswa imodi yokuphakama kwesithombe esiyingxenye, lapho isikhungo singu-0).

Esithombeni, iphuzu 3: I-axis eqondile imelela inani lezinombolo lokukhanya okuhlobene kumaphuzu amathathu.

Esithombeni, iphuzu 4: Lokhu kumele igama noma inombolo yomdwebo walokhuilensi.

Iphuzu 6 esithombeni: Ijika lokukhanya kwelensi lihlolwe kuluphi uhla lwe-wavelength?

Isibonelo:

Iphuzu 5 esithombeni: Kulinganiswe ngelensi engu-16mm ekuvulekeni kwe-F1.6 ebangeni lobude be-wavelength obungu-860nm-900nm, ukukhanya okuhlobene ekuphakameni kwengxenye yesithombe okungaba ngu-3.5mm cishe kungu-78% uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo ephakathi.

Imicabango Yokugcina:

Ngokusebenzisana nochwepheshe eChuangAn, kokubili ukuklama kanye nokukhiqiza kuphathwa onjiniyela abanekhono eliphezulu. Njengengxenye yenqubo yokuthenga, ummeleli wenkampani angachaza ngokuningiliziwe ulwazi oluthile mayelana nohlobo lwelensi ofisa ukuyithenga. Uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo yelensi kaChuangAn lusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kusukela ekuqapheni, ekuskeneni, kuma-drones, ezimotweni kuya emakhaya ahlakaniphile, njll. I-ChuangAn inezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalensi aqediwe, angashintshwa noma enziwe ngezifiso ngokwezidingo zakho. Xhumana nathi ngokushesha okukhulu.