Ikristalu le-Ge

I-“Ge crystal” ngokuvamile ibhekisela kukristalu eyenziwe nge-element germanium (Ge), okuyizinto ze-semiconductor. I-Germanium ivame ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni we-infrared optics kanye ne-photonics ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile.

Nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile zamakristalu e-germanium kanye nezicelo zawo:

1. Amafasitela namaLensi ane-infrared: I-Germanium iyabonakala endaweni ye-infrared ye-electromagnetic spectrum, ikakhulukazi ebangeni le-infrared eliphakathi nelide. Lesi sici siyenza ifaneleke ukukhiqiza amafasitela namalensi asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zezithombe ezishisayo, amakhamera e-infrared, kanye namanye amadivayisi optical asebenza kuma-wavelength e-infrared.
2. Izitholi: I-Germanium isetshenziswa futhi njengesisekelo sokwenza izitholi ze-infrared, njenge-photodiodes kanye ne-photoconductors. Lezi zitholi zingaguqula imisebe ye-infrared ibe yisignali kagesi, okwenza kube lula ukuthola nokulinganisa ukukhanya kwe-infrared.
3. I-SpectroscopyAmakristalu e-germanium asetshenziswa kumathuluzi e-infrared spectroscopy. Angasetshenziswa njenge-beamsplitters, ama-prism, namafasitela ukulawula nokuhlaziya ukukhanya kwe-infrared ukuze kuhlaziywe amakhemikhali nezinto ezibonakalayo.
4. I-Laser Optics: I-Germanium ingasetshenziswa njengento ebonakalayo kwamanye ama-laser e-infrared, ikakhulukazi lawo asebenza kububanzi be-infrared ephakathi. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-gain medium noma njengengxenye ye-laser cavities.
5. Isikhala kanye ne-AstronomyAmakristalu e-germanium asetshenziswa kuma-telescope e-infrared kanye nasezindaweni zokuhlola ezisemkhathini ukuze kufundwe izinto zasezulwini ezikhipha imisebe ye-infrared. Asiza abacwaningi ukuqoqa ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nendawo yonke olungabonakali ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo.

Amakristalu e-germanium angakhuliswa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene, njengendlela ye-Czochralski (CZ) noma indlela ye-Float Zone (FZ). Lezi zinqubo zihilela ukuncibilikisa nokuqinisa i-germanium ngendlela elawulwayo ukuze kwakhiwe amakristalu angawodwa anezakhiwo ezithile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi yize i-germanium inezakhiwo ezihlukile ze-infrared optics, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe yizici ezifana nezindleko, ukutholakala, kanye nobubanzi bayo bokudlulisa obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ze-infrared ezifana ne-zinc selenide (ZnSe) noma i-zinc sulfide (ZnS). Ukukhetha izinto kuncike ekusetshenzisweni okuthile kanye nezidingo zesistimu ye-optical.