一, Lithini ixesha leekhamera zendiza?

Iikhamera zeTime-of-flight (ToF) luhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokubona ubunzulu obulinganisa umgama phakathi kwekhamera nezinto ezikwindawo ngokusebenzisa ixesha elithathwa kukukhanya ukuya kwizinto nokubuyela kwikhamera. Zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-augmented reality, i-robotics, i-3D scanning, i-gesture recognition, nokunye.

Iikhamera zeToFukusebenza ngokukhupha isignali yokukhanya, ngesiqhelo ukukhanya kwe-infrared, kunye nokulinganisa ixesha elithathayo ukuba isignali ibuye umva emva kokubetha izinto kwindawo yesehlo. Olu vavanyo lwexesha lusetyenziselwa ukubala umgama ukuya kwizinto, ukwenza imephu yobunzulu okanye ukubonakaliswa kwe-3D yendawo yesehlo.

Ixesha leekhamera zendiza

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiteknoloji zokuvavanya ubunzulu ezifana nokukhanya okucwangcisiweyo okanye umbono westereo, iikhamera zeToF zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi. Zibonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha ngexesha langempela, zinoyilo olulula, kwaye zinokusebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya. Iikhamera zeToF nazo zincinci kwaye zinokudityaniswa kwizixhobo ezincinci ezifana neefowuni eziphathwayo, iitablethi, kunye nezixhobo ezinxitywayo.

Usetyenziso lweekhamera zeToF lwahlukile. Kwi-augmented reality, iikhamera zeToF zinokubona ngokuchanekileyo ubunzulu bezinto kwaye ziphucule ubunyani bezinto ezibonakalayo ezibekwe kwihlabathi lokwenyani. Kwi-robotics, zenza iirobhothi zibone indawo ezikuyo kwaye zihambe ngemiqobo ngempumelelo. Kwi-3D scanning, iikhamera zeToF zinokubamba ngokukhawuleza i-geometry yezinto okanye iindawo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-virtual reality, imidlalo, okanye ukuprinta kwe-3D. Zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo ze-biometric, ezinje ngokubona ubuso okanye ukuqaphela imiqondiso yesandla.

二,Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiikhamera zeenqwelo-moya ngexesha

Iikhamera zexesha lokubhabha (ToF)Ziqulathe izinto ezibalulekileyo ezininzi ezisebenzisanayo ukuze kuvumeleke ukuva ubunzulu kunye nokulinganisa umgama. Izinto ezithile zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo kunye nomenzi, kodwa nazi izinto ezisisiseko ezifumaneka kwiinkqubo zeekhamera zeToF:

Umthombo wokukhanya:

Iikhamera zeToF zisebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya ukukhupha isignali yokukhanya, ngesiqhelo ngohlobo lokukhanya kwe-infrared (IR). Umthombo wokukhanya unokuba yi-LED (Light-Emitting Diode) okanye i-laser diode, kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwekhamera. Ukukhanya okukhutshiweyo kuhamba ukuya kwizinto ezikwindawo leyo.

I-Optics:

Ilensi iqokelela ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo kwaye ifanekise indawo engqongileyo kwisenzi somfanekiso (i-focal plane array). Isihluzi se-optical band-pass sidlulisa ukukhanya ngobude obufanayo nobeyunithi yokukhanyisa. Oku kunceda ekucinezeleni ukukhanya okungenamsebenzi nokunciphisa ingxolo.

Inzwa yomfanekiso:

Le yintliziyo yekhamera ye-TOF. I-pixel nganye ilinganisa ixesha elithathiweyo kukukhanya ukusuka kwiyunithi yokukhanyisa (i-laser okanye i-LED) ukuya kwinto ethile kwaye ibuyele kwi-focal plane array.

Ukujikeleza Ngexesha:

Ukuze ilinganise ixesha lokubhabha ngokuchanekileyo, ikhamera ifuna isekethe echanekileyo yokubala ixesha. Le sekethe ilawula ukukhutshwa kwesignali yokukhanya kwaye ibone ixesha elithathayo ukuze ukukhanya kuhambe ukuya kwizinto kwaye kubuyele kwikhamera. Ivumelanisa iinkqubo zokukhutshwa kunye nokuchongwa ukuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa komgama ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuguqulwa kwezwi:

EzinyeIikhamera zeToFfaka iindlela zokuguqula umgama ukuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokuqina kokulinganisa umgama. Ezi khamera ziguqula isignali yokukhanya ekhutshwayo ngephethini okanye i-frequency ethile. Ukuguqula umbane kunceda ukwahlula ukukhanya okukhutshwayo kwezinye izikhanyiso ezikufutshane kwaye kuphucula amandla ekhamera okwahlula phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwindawo leyo.

I-Algorithm Yokubala Ubunzulu:

Ukuguqula imilinganiselo yexesha lokubhabha ibe lulwazi olujulileyo, iikhamera ze-ToF zisebenzisa ii-algorithms ezintsonkothileyo. Ezi algorithms zihlalutya idatha yexesha efunyenwe kwi-photodetector kwaye zibale umgama phakathi kwekhamera nezinto ezikwindawo yomboniso. Ii-algorithms zokubala ubunzulu zihlala ziquka ukuhlawula izinto ezifana nesantya sokusasazwa kokukhanya, ixesha lokuphendula kwesensor, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokukhanya okungqongileyo.

Ubunzulu beDatha Isiphumo:

Nje ukuba ubalo lobunzulu lwenziwe, ikhamera ye-ToF inika imveliso yobunzulu bedatha. Le mveliso ingathatha uhlobo lwemephu yobunzulu, ilifu lenqaku, okanye ukubonakaliswa kwe-3D yendawo. Idatha yobunzulu ingasetyenziswa zizicelo kunye neenkqubo ukuvumela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo efana nokulandelela izinto, inyani eyongeziweyo, okanye ukuhamba kwerobhothi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kunye namacandelo athile eekhamera zeToF anokwahluka kubavelisi kunye neemodeli ezahlukeneyo. Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji lunokungenisa ezinye iimpawu kunye nophuculo ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nobuchule beenkqubo zeekhamera zeToF.

三、Izicelo

Usetyenziso lweemoto

Iikhamera zexesha lokubhabhaZisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yokunceda kunye nokhuseleko kwizicelo eziphambili zeemoto ezifana nokhuseleko olusebenzayo lwabahambi ngeenyawo, ukufunyanwa kwangaphambili kwengozi kunye nezicelo zangaphakathi ezifana nokufunyanwa kwe-OOP.

Ukusetyenziswa kweekhamera zeToF

Ujongano loomatshini kunye nabantu kunye nokudlala

As iikhamera zexesha lokubhabhaukubonelela ngemifanekiso ekude ngexesha langempela, kulula ukulandelela iintshukumo zabantu. Oku kuvumela ukusebenzisana okutsha nezixhobo zabathengi ezifana noomabonwakude. Esinye isihloko kukusebenzisa olu hlobo lweekhamera ukusebenzisana nemidlalo kwiikhonsoli zemidlalo yevidiyo. I-Kinect sensor yesizukulwana sesibini eyayifakwe kwikhonsoli yeXbox One yayisebenzisa ikhamera yexesha lokubhabha ukuze ikwazi ukufota umgama wayo, ivumela ujongano lwendalo lomsebenzisi kunye nezicelo zemidlalo kusetyenziswa iindlela zokubona ikhompyutha kunye nokuchonga imiqondiso.

I-Creative kunye ne-Intel zikwabonelela ngohlobo olufanayo lwekhamera ye-système esebenzisana nayo ngexesha lokubhabha kwimidlalo, i-Senz3D esekelwe kwikhamera ye-DepthSense 325 yeSoftkinetic. I-Infineon kunye ne-PMD Technologies zivumela iikhamera ezincinci ezidityanisiweyo ze-3D zobunzulu ukulawula i-système ekufutshane kwezixhobo zabathengi ezifana neePC kunye neelaptops zonke-kwinye (iikhamera zePicco flexx kunye neePicco monstar).

Ukusetyenziswa kweekhamera zeToF kwimidlalo

Iikhamera ze-smartphone

Iifowuni ezininzi eziphathwayo ziquka iikhamera zexesha lokubhabha. Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula umgangatho weefoto ngokubonelela ngesoftware yekhamera ngolwazi malunga nomphambili kunye nemvelaphi. Ifowuni yokuqala ephathwayo esebenzisa obu buchwepheshe yayiyi-LG G3, eyakhutshwa ekuqaleni kuka-2014.

Ukusetyenziswa kweekhamera zeToF kwiifowuni eziphathwayo

Ukulinganisa kunye nombono womatshini

Ezinye izicelo zizinto zokulinganisa, umz. ubude bokuzalisa kwii-silos. Kwimbono yoomatshini bemizi-mveliso, ikhamera yexesha lokubhabha inceda ekuhleleni nasekufumaneni izinto eziza kusetyenziswa ziirobhothi, ezifana nezinto ezidlula kwi-conveyor. Ulawulo lweengcango lunokwahlula ngokulula phakathi kwezilwanyana nabantu abafikelela emnyango.

Iirobhothi

Olunye usetyenziso lwale khamera lushishino lweerobhothi: Iirobhothi ezihambayo zinokwakha imephu yendawo ezikuyo ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo enokuzivumela ukuba ziphephe imiqobo okanye zilandele umntu okhokelayo. Njengoko ukubala umgama kulula, kusetyenziswa amandla amancinci okubala. Ekubeni ezi khamera zinokusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umgama, amaqela e-FIRST Robotics Competition aziwa ngokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kwimisebenzi yokuzimela.

Inkcazo-mhlaba

Iikhamera zeToFzisetyenziselwe ukufumana iimodeli zokuphakama kwedijithali ze-topography yomphezulu woMhlaba, kwizifundo ze-geomorphology.

Ukusetyenziswa kweekhamera ze-ToF kwi-geomorphology