Chii chinonzi girazi remaziso?

Girazi rekuonaigirazi rakasiyana-siyana rakagadzirwa kuti rishandiswe mumabasa akasiyana-siyana ekuona. Rine hunhu hwakasiyana uye hunhu hunoita kuti rikwanise kushandiswa nekutonga chiedza, zvichigonesa kuumbwa nekuongorora mifananidzo yemhando yepamusoro.

Kuumbwa:

Girazi regirazi rinonyanya kuumbwa ne silica (SiO2)₂) sechinhu chikuru chinoumba magirazi, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakemikari, zvakaita seboron, sodium, potassium, calcium, uye lead. Musanganiswa chaiwo uye huwandu hwezvinhu izvi zvinosarudza hunhu hwegirazi hwemaziso nehwemakanika.

Zvimiro zveOptical:

1. Refractive Index:Girazi reOptical rine refractive index inodzorwa zvakanaka uye yakayerwa nemazvo. Refractive index inotsanangura kuti chiedza chinokombama kana kuchinja sei gwara pachinopfuura nepakati pegirazi, zvichikanganisa maitiro e optical ema lens, prisms, nezvimwe zvikamu zve optical.

2. Kupararira:Kupararira kunoreva kupatsanurwa kwechiedza mumavara acho kana marefu ewavelength sezvachinopfuura nepakati pechinhu. Girazi reoptical rinogona kugadzirwa kuti rive nehunhu hwakasiyana hwekupararira, zvichibvumira kugadziriswa kwekushanduka kwechromatic mumasisitimu eoptical.

3. Kutapurirana:Girazi rekuonaYakagadzirwa kuti ive nekujeka kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti chiedza chipfuure nepachisina kunyorova zvakanyanya. Girazi rakagadzirwa kuti rive nemazinga mashoma ekusvibiswa uye ruvara kuti riwane kutumirwa kwakanaka kwechiedza munzvimbo inodiwa yehurefu hwewavelength.

Girazi reOptical imhando yegirazi rakasiyana-siyana

Zvimiro zveMichina:

1. Kubatana kweOptical:Girazi reOptical rinogadzirwa kuti rive nehomogeneity yakakura ye optical, zvichireva kuti rine hunhu hwakafanana hwe optical mukati mehukuru hwaro. Izvi zvakakosha pakuchengetedza kunaka kwemufananidzo uye kudzivirira kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekusiyana kwe refractive index pane zvinhu.

2. Kugadzikana kweThermal:Girazi regirazi rinoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa, zvichiita kuti rikwanise kutsungirira kuchinja kwekupisa pasina kuwedzera kwakanyanya kana kudzikira. Izvi zvakakosha kuti magirazi nezvimwe zvikamu zvegirazi zvirambe zvichishanda zvakanaka mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekunze.

3. Simba reMichina:Kubvagirazi remazisoInowanzo shandiswa mumasystem ekuona akanyatsogadzirwa, inoda simba rakakwana remuchina kuti ikwanise kutsungirira kubatwa nekumanikidzwa kwekuisa pasina kuchinja kana kutyoka. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekusimbisa, dzakadai semakemikoro kana maitiro ekupisa, dzinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza hunhu hwayo hwemuchina.

Maitiro uye mashandisirwo egirazi re optical

Heano mamwe maficha uye mashandisirwo egirazi re optical:

Fzvekudya:

1. Kujeka:Girazi regirazi rine kujeka kwakanyanya kuchiedza chinoonekwa uye mamwe marefu emwaranzi yemagetsi. Izvi zvinoita kuti rikwanise kutumira chiedza zvinobudirira pasina kukanganisa kwakanyanya kana kupararira.

2. Chiratidzo cheRefractive:Girazi regirazi rinogona kugadzirwa nezviratidzo zve refractive indices. Izvi zvinoita kuti rikwanise kudzora nekushandura mwaranzi yechiedza, zvichiita kuti rikwanise kushandiswa nema lenzi, ma prism, nezvimwe zvikamu zve optical.

Zvinhu zvegirazi re optical

3. Nhamba yeAbbe:Nhamba yeAbbe inoyera kupararira kwechinhu, zvichiratidza kuti marefu akasiyana echiedza anopararira sei kana chikapfuura nepakati pacho. Magirazi eOptical anogona kugadzirwa kuti ave nenhamba dzaAbbe dzakatarwa, zvichibvumira kugadziriswa zvinobudirira kwekuchinja kwechromatic mumalenzi.

4. Kuwedzera Kwekupisa Kwakaderera:Girazi reOptical rine mwero wakaderera wekuwedzera kwekupisa, zvichireva kuti harikuri kana kupwanyika zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwekupisa. Izvi zvinoita kuti rive rakasimba uye zvinodzivirira kukanganiswa kwemasisitimu eOptical.

5. Kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye kwemakemikari:Girazi regirazi rinoona rakagadzikana pamakemikari uye pamichina, zvichiita kuti rirambe richidzivirirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sehunyoro, kushanduka-shanduka kwekushisa, uye kushushikana kwemuviri. Kugara kwenguva refu uku kunovimbisa kugara kwenguva refu uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo yegirazi.

Mashandisirwo:

Girazi reOptical rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzeOptical Systems neMidziyo, kusanganisira:

1.Magirazi ekamera:Girazi rekuonachinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemalenzi ekamera, zvichibvumira kutarisa kwakanyatsojeka, kugadziriswa kwemifananidzo, uye kururama kwemavara.

2.Maikorosikopu nemateresikopu:Girazi reOptical rinoshandiswa kugadzira malenzi, magirazi, maprism, nezvimwe zvinhu zviri mumamaikorosikopu nemateresikopu, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvionekwe zvakanaka uye zvionekwe zvakajeka.

3.Tekinoroji yeLaser:Girazi regirazi rinoshandiswa kugadzira makristaro nemalenzi elaser, zvichibvumira kudzora danda relaser nemazvo, kugadzira danda, uye kupatsanura danda.

Girazi regirazi rinoshandiswa kugadzira makristaro elaser

4.Magirazi efaibha: Magirazi egirazi anoshandiswa kutumira data redhijitari kure nekumhanya kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti kutaurirana, kubatana neinternet, uye kutumira data mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.

5.Mafirita ekuona: Girazi reOptical rinoshandiswa kugadzira mafirita ekushandisa mumifananidzo, spectrophotometry, uye kugadzirisa mavara.

6.Zvemagetsi zveOptoelectronics: Magirazi ekuonas inoshandiswa mukugadzira masensa ekuona, madhiraivha, masero e photovoltaic, nezvimwe zvishandiso zve optoelectronic.

Iyi ingori mienzaniso mishoma yekushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana uye maficha egirazi re optical. Hunhu hwaro hwakasiyana hunoita kuti rive rinokosha munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeindasitiri ye optical.