Kusanzwisisika zviitiko zvisingadzivisiki mukuita mifananidzo yemagirazi emaziso. Kusawirirana kwakajairika kunosanganisira chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, uye distortion.
Mhando dzekuchinja-chinja kwakajeka dzinosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nemamiriro echiedza, chinhu chiri kutorwa, uye zvinodiwa pakuumbwa kwemifananidzo yakasiyana. Kunzwisisa nekudzidza kudzivirira kuchinja-chinja mumamiriro akasiyana kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru kunaka kwemufananidzo.
Pazasi, tichaongorora mhinduro dzekudzivirira kupararira kwepfuti zvichienderana nemamiriro akasiyana ekupfura uye zvinodiwa zvavo chaizvo:
1.Kutora mifananidzo
Kutora mifananidzo kunoratidzwa nechinhu chakajeka, kumashure kusina kujeka, uye huwandu hwemuviri wechisikigo. Mwenje unoshandiswa unogona kunge uri wechisikigo kana wekugadzira. Kusachinja-chinja kwakajairika kunosanganisira kupatsanurana kwedenderedzwa, koma, kukanganiswa, uye kupatsanurana kwechromatic.
Kutora mifananidzo yemifananidzo kunowanzoda mukana wakakura kuti pave nebokeh, asi ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekusachinja-chinja kwedenderedzwa. Kana uchishandisa lenzi ine angle yakafara, kumisa kumisa kamwe chete kana kaviri, sekuchinja kubva kuF2.8 kuenda kuF4, kunogona kuvandudza kusachinja-chinja kwedenderedzwa uye kutenderera kwemunda.
Dzivisa kushandisa magirazi e-ultra-wide-angle pamifananidzo yepedyo kana yehafu yemuviri. Paunenge uchishandisa magirazi e-wide-angle pamifananidzo yemuviri wese, edza kuisa pakati pechinhu (kunyanya maziso) mufuremu, kure nemipendero.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kudzivirira kuti bvudzi remunhu ari kuratidzwa ritarise zvakananga kune chiedza chakasimba. Kuvhenekesa kwakasimba kunowedzera kushanduka kwemavara eruvara rwe vertical chromatic uye astigmatism.
Unogona kushandisa mwenje wepadivi une chiedza chakazara kuti uderedze musiyano uripo pakati pechinhu chiri kuratidzwa nechakumashure. Kana paine chiedza chepoindi kumashure, usachiise pamucheto wemufananidzo kuti uderedze simba re coma.
Mhinduro dzekudzivirira kukanganiswa mukutora mifananidzo yemifananidzo
2.Mifananidzo yenzvimbo
Mifananidzo yemuchadenga inozivikanwa nekuona kwayo kwakafara, kudiwa kwemifananidzo yakajeka, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana, uye chiedza chechisikigo (chiedza chakasimba masikati uye chiedza chisina kusimba husiku). Kusagadzikana kwakajairika kunosanganisira kukanganiswa, kutenderera kwemunda, kusachinja-chinja kwechromatic, kusachinja-chinja kwedenderedzwa, uye kukotsira.
Pakutora mifananidzo yemasikati nguva dzose, kumisa aperture kusvika kuF8-F11 kunoderedza kupatsanuka kwedenderedzwa, kushanduka kwechromatic, uye kutenderera kwemunda, zvichiita kuti mufananidzo uve wakapinza. Dzivisa kushandisa aperture yepamusoro kana ma aperture madiki zvakanyanya, akadai seF16 neari pasi, sezvo izvi zvichikonzera diffraction, kuderedza kupenya, uye zvichikonzera mifananidzo isina kujeka uye kupatsanuka.
Pakupfura magadzirirwo ane ultra-lenzi yakafara, sarudza malenzi ekutarisa akasimba ane angle yakafara kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mitsetse yekuvaka yakatwasuka uye mipendero yemifananidzo yakapinza. Paunenge uchigadzira, isa miganhu ine musiyano mukuru (senge horizon kana makomo) pakati pefuremu, kure nemipendero yakanyanyisa, kuderedza kushanduka kwe edge chromatic. Kushandisa lenzi hood kunogona kudzivirira chiedza chakasimba kuti chisarova zvakananga lenzi, zvichideredza kupenya uye kuwedzera kwekushanduka.
Paunenge uchitora mifananidzo yedenga rehusiku, tanga nekushandisa lenzi hombe ine angle yakafara kuti udzore zviri nani mafambiro enyeredzi; usashandise jira repamusoro re zoom lenzi kuti utore mifananidzo yedenga rehusiku, sezvo izvi zvichiita kuti coma ionekwe zvakanyanya.
Kutarisa kusingaverengeki uye kuisa nyeredzi pakati pefuremu kunogona kuderedza kuteverwa kwenyeredzi kunokonzerwa nekoma. Kana mativi ane mavara akaonekwa panyeredzi, ita kuti chromatic aberration correction iri mukati mekamera idzivirire chromatic aberration isati yasvika.
Kushandisa tripod nekuburitswa kwetambo panguva yekupfura kunogona kudzivirira kusviba kunokonzerwa nekuzunguzika kwekamera uye kushanduka-shanduka. Dzima kudzikiswa kweruzha kwenguva refu pakamera yako, sezvo kudzikiswa kweruzha kwemamwe mamodheru kunogona kudzvanya zvinhu uye kuwedzera kushanduka-shanduka; kudzikiswa kweruzha rwesoftware kunogona kushandiswa mushure mekugadzirisa.
Mhinduro dzekudzivirira kukanganiswa kwemifananidzo yenzvimbo
3.Kutora mifananidzo mikuru
Kutora mifananidzo yeMacro kunoratidzwa nechinhu chisingachinji, chiedza chinodzoreka, uye kutsvaga kujeka kwemufananidzo. Zvisinei, kuchinja kunowanzoitika, senge kutenderera kwedenderedzwa, kutenderera kwemunda, astigmatism, uye kupatsanurwa kwechromatic, kunowedzerwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu eMacro.
Pakutora mifananidzo mikuru, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa macro lens, iyo yakagadzirirwa kutora mifananidzo iri pedyo uye inogadzirisa field curvature uye astigmatism. Zvichienzaniswa nekushandisa backlighting kana zoom lenses pakuwedzera,magirazi macrozvinoderedza zvakanyanya kukanganiswa uye chromatic aberration.
Panguva iyi, macro photography inosanganisira kudzika kwakanyanya kwemunda, izvo zvinowanzoda mukana mudiki kuti uwane kupinza kwakakwana uye zvinobatsirawo kuderedza kutsauka. Zvisinei, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kupihwa kune mhedzisiro yekupararira, iyo inogona kuda kugadzirwa kwehupamhi hwemunda. Zvinokurudzirwa kuisa pamberi macro lenses ane hunhu hweapochromatic kuti udzivise chromatic aberration kubva pakuona kwemaziso.
Pamusoro pezvo, kushandisa chiedza chakapfava kunogona kuderedza kusiyana kwemavara emucheto wemufananidzo une musiyano mukuru; paunenge uchitarisa, sarudza nzvimbo iri pakati pemufananidzo, uye isa chinhu chikuru chemufananidzo une mufananidzo uri pakati pemufananidzo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuderedza kukanganisa kwemupendero; kune chimiro chikuru chemufananidzo une mufananidzo wakafanana, unogona kushandisa nzvimbo ine mufananidzo unotarisisa kutsiva kusviba kwemupendero kunokonzerwa nekukombama kwemunda.
Mhinduro dzekudzivirira kusawirirana mukutora mifananidzo mikuru
4.Zvekuvaka uyeimukatiphotography
Mifananidzo yezvivakwa inozivikanwa nekutsvaga kwayo mitsetse yakatwasuka yezvivakwa, huwandu hwakarurama, uye ruzivo rwakajeka mumufananidzo wese. Mwenje wacho unogona kunge uri wechisikigo kana wekugadzira, uye unogona kukanganisa zvinhu zvakaita sekukanganiswa, kutenderera kwemunda, kushanduka kwechromatic, uye astigmatism.
Magirazi eTilt-shift ndiwo anonyanya kufarirwa pakutora mifananidzo yezvivakwa. Anogona kugadzirisa zvachose kukanganiswa kwemaonero uye kukanganiswa kwebharero/pincushion nekushandura kana kutsveyamisa optical axis, ukuwo achibvisa kutenderera kwemunda, zvichiita kuti pakati nepamicheto yemufananidzo zvive zvakapinza zvakaenzana, nokudaro zvichidzivirira kushanduka kwepakati kubva pakuona kwemaziso.
Kushandisa ultra-lenzi yakafarainogona kubata nzvimbo, asi inogona kukanganisa bharero. Paunenge uchipfura negirazi rakafara, zvinokurudzirwa kumisa aperture kusvika kuF8-F11 kuti udzivise kutenderera kwemunda uye kushanduka kwechromatic.
Pakutora mifananidzo yezvivakwa kubva pasi kana pamusoro, edza kuchengetedza kamera yakaenzana nemitsetse yezvivakwa kuti uderedze kukanganiswa kwemaonero. Kana zvisingaite kuchengetedza kamera yakaenzana, maturusi ekugadzirisa maonero anogona kushandiswa mushure mekugadzirisa.
Paunenge uchigadzira mifananidzo yezvivakwa, iva nechokwadi chekuti mitsetse mikuru yechivako (yakadai semadziro nemafuremu emahwindo) yakaenzana nemuganhu wefuremu kudzivirira mitsetse kuoneka pamucheto wemufananidzo.
Shandisa mwenje wakapfava pakutora mifananidzo yezvivakwa zvemukati kuderedza astigmatism inokonzerwa nechiedza chidiki, ukuwo uchideredza musiyano mukuru wegirazi/simbi uye uchideredza chromatic aberration. Pakutora mifananidzo yezvivakwa zvekunze, isa hood yelenzi kudzivirira kupenya uye kuwedzera kweaberration kunokonzerwa nechiedza chakasimba chinopenya zvakananga mulenzi.
Mhinduro dzekudzivirira kukanganiswa mumifananidzo yezvivakwa uye yemukati
5.Mhuka dzesango uyeszviteshiphotography
Mifananidzo yemhuka dzesango nemitambo inonyanya kushandisa malenzi e telephoto. Zviitiko izvi zvinoratidzwa nekufamba nekukurumidza kwemunhu ari kutorwa, zvichida kuteverwa nekukurumidza, uye chiedza chinogona kunge chakasimba kana chisina kusimba. Matambudziko anowanzo itika ekuchinja anosanganisira coma, astigmatism, chromatic aberration, uye spherical aberration.
Pakupfura mhuka dzesango/mitambo, tanga nekutangamagirazi efoniine zvinhu zvisingaparadzike zvakanyanya kuti zvinyatso deredza kushanduka kwechromatic. Kana chiedza chiri kunze chakasimba, kumisa aperture nekumira kamwe chete kana kaviri, semuenzaniso, kubva kuF2.8 kusvika kuF4, kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru kupinza kwepakati nepamipendero, kudzvinyirira coma neastigmatism, uye kuvandudza kururama kwe autofocus.
Pakutora mifananidzo yemitambo muchiedza chisina kujeka uye uchida aperture yakakura, sarudza aperture yechipiri pakukura yelenzi (yakadai seF2.8). Kana pakaitika coma, mira kusvika kuF3.5 kuti uenzanise kudzora kwechiedza uye aperture. Kushandisa kamera high-speed focus tracking mode kunoita kuti kutarisa kurambe kuri pamunhu ari kufamba, zvichideredza aperture inokonzerwa nematambudziko ekunze kwekutarisa.
Pamusoro pezvo, kushandisa chibatiso chelenzi ye telephoto + tripod/monopod kunogona kuderedza kuzununguka kwelenzi uye kudzivirira astigmatism inokonzerwa nekuzununguka; kuisa lenzi hood kunogona kudzivirira chiedza chezuva chakananga kuti chisarove lenzi paunenge uchipfura panze, zvichideredza kupenya uye kukanganiswa; paunenge uchipfura shiri dziri mundege/dzinofamba nekukurumidza, edza kuzadza nzvimbo yepakati pefuremu nechinhu chacho kuti uderedze kukanganiswa kwekushomeka kwemucheto.
Mukupedzisa, kuti udzivise matambudziko ekusawirirana kwemalenzi, unofanira kutanga wanzwisisa lenzi yauri kushandisa. Lenzi yega yega ine huwandu hwakanaka hwekushanda. Edza lenzi yako pachine nguva kuti uone kureba kana kuti aperture uko kusawirirana kunonyanya kuoneka, uye dzivisa kuitora panguva yekupfura.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kugadziriswa kwemaziso (optical correction) (kusarudza lenzi, kuvhara aperture, kugadzirisa optical axis) kwakakosha, nepo kubhadhara mushure mekugadzirisa kuchingowedzera; kunyanya kugadzirisa mushure mekugadzira kuchaita kuti mufananidzo usashande zvakanaka.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-09-2026
