Aberrations yog cov phenomena tsis zam hauv cov txheej txheem imaging ntawmcov iav tsom iavCov kev hloov pauv uas pom ntau suav nrog chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, thiab distortion.
Cov hom kev hloov pauv uas pom tseeb sib txawv heev nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej teeb pom kev zoo, tus neeg, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov xwm txheej tua duab sib txawv. Kev nkag siab thiab kawm paub yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm daim duab.
Hauv qab no, peb yuav tshuaj xyuas cov kev daws teeb meem tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv raws li cov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm kev tua phom thiab lawv cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb:
1.Kev thaij duab Portrait
Kev thaij duab Portrait muaj tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov pom tseeb, keeb kwm yav dhau tsis meej, thiab qhov sib piv ntawm lub cev. Lub teeb siv yuav yog ntuj lossis dag. Cov teeb meem feem ntau suav nrog spherical aberration, coma, distortion, thiab chromatic aberration.
Feem ntau cov duab thaij duab portrait xav tau lub qhov loj kom tsim tau bokeh, tab sis qhov no kuj yog ib qho ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub voj voog. Thaum siv lub lens dav dav, kev nres qis dua 1-2 qhov nres, xws li hloov ntawm F2.8 mus rau F4, tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov sib txawv ntawm lub voj voog thiab qhov nkhaus ntawm thaj chaw.
Tsis txhob siv cov iav ultra-wide-angle rau cov duab ze lossis ib nrab lub cev. Thaum siv cov iav wide-angle rau cov duab puv lub cev, sim ua kom tus neeg (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub qhov muag) nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej, deb ntawm cov npoo.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tsis txhob cia cov plaub hau lossis cov plaub muag ntawm tus neeg raug thaij duab tig mus rau lub teeb ci ntsa iab. Lub teeb ci ntsa iab tom qab yuav ua rau lub teeb chromatic aberration thiab astigmatism loj zuj zus.
Koj siv tau qhov teeb pom kev ntawm sab nraud nrog lub teeb ci kom txo qhov sib txawv ntawm tus neeg thiab keeb kwm yav dhau. Yog tias muaj lub teeb ci ntsa iab nyob rau tom qab, tsis txhob muab tso rau ntawm ntug ntawm daim duab kom txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm coma.
Kev daws teeb meem tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hauv kev thaij duab portrait
2.Kev thaij duab toj roob hauv pes
Kev thaij duab toj roob hauv pes yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws qhov pom dav, qhov xav tau kom pom tseeb tag nrho, ntau qhov xwm txheej siab sib piv, thiab feem ntau yog lub teeb ntuj (lub teeb muaj zog thaum nruab hnub thiab lub teeb tsis muaj zog thaum hmo ntuj). Cov kev hloov pauv feem ntau suav nrog kev cuam tshuam, qhov nkhaus ntawm thaj chaw, kev hloov pauv chromatic, kev hloov pauv spherical, thiab coma.
Rau kev thaij duab toj roob hauv pes thaum nruab hnub, kev txo qhov aperture mus rau F8-F11 yuav txo qhov spherical aberration, chromatic aberration, thiab field curvature, kom ntseeg tau tias tag nrho cov duab ntse. Tsis txhob siv qhov aperture siab tshaj plaws lossis qhov apertures me dhau, xws li F16 thiab qis dua, vim tias cov no yuav ua rau diffraction, txo qhov ntse, thiab ua rau cov duab tsis meej thiab aberrations.
Thaum thaij duab architecture nrog ultra-lub lens dav dav, xaiv cov iav tsom iav uas muaj lub kaum sab xis dav heev kom ntseeg tau tias cov kab ncaj thiab cov npoo ntawm daim duab ntse. Thaum tsim duab, tso cov ciam teb uas muaj qhov sib txawv siab (xws li lub qab ntuj lossis cov kab ntawm roob) rau hauv nruab nrab sab saud lossis sab qis ntawm tus ncej, deb ntawm cov npoo kawg, kom txo qhov sib txawv ntawm cov npoo chromatic aberration. Kev siv lub lens hood tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub teeb ci ntsa iab los ntawm kev ntaus ncaj qha rau lub lens, txo qhov flare thiab aberration amplification.
Thaum thaij duab ntuj hmo ntuj, siv lub lens loj ultra-wide-angle kom tswj tau cov hnub qub tsis zoo; tsis txhob siv lub lens zoom uas muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws los thaij duab ntuj hmo ntuj, vim qhov no yuav ua rau pom qhov tsis nco qab zoo dua.
Kev tsom mus rau qhov tsis kawg thiab muab cov hnub qub tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab tuaj yeem txo qhov kev poob ntawm cov hnub qub uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis nco qab. Yog tias cov xim ntawm cov hnub qub tshwm sim, qhib qhov kev kho chromatic aberration hauv lub koob yees duab kom txo qhov chromatic aberration ua ntej.
Siv lub tripod thiab lub cable release thaum lub sijhawm thaij duab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tsis meej pem los ntawm kev co thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm lub koob yees duab. Tua qhov kev txo suab nrov thaum lub sijhawm ntev ntawm koj lub koob yees duab, vim tias qee cov qauv txo suab nrov tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntsiab lus me me thiab ua rau cov kev hloov pauv loj dua; software txo suab nrov tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev ua tiav tom qab.
Kev daws teeb meem tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hauv kev thaij duab toj roob hauv pes
3.Kev thaij duab loj
Kev thaij duab macro yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib qho khoom ruaj khov, teeb pom kev zoo tswj tau, thiab kev nrhiav kom pom tseeb tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev hloov pauv uas feem ntau tshwm sim, xws li kev hloov pauv spherical, field curvature, astigmatism, thiab chromatic aberration, raug nthuav dav hauv qab cov xwm txheej macro.
Rau kev thaij duab macro, nws raug pom zoo kom siv lub lens macro tshwj xeeb, uas tau kho kom zoo rau kev thaij duab ze thiab kho qhov nkhaus ntawm thaj chaw thiab astigmatism. Piv rau kev siv backlighting lossis zoom lenses rau kev ua kom loj dua,cov tsom iav macrotxo qhov kev cuam tshuam thiab chromatic aberration kom zoo heev.
Lub caij no, kev thaij duab macro muaj qhov tob ntawm thaj chaw uas tsis tob heev, uas feem ntau xav tau lub qhov me me kom tau txais qhov ntse txaus thiab tseem pab txo qhov tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov teebmeem ntawm diffraction, uas yuav xav tau qhov tob ntawm thaj chaw sib xyaw. Nws raug pom zoo kom muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov iav macro nrog cov khoom apochromatic kom txo tau chromatic aberration los ntawm qhov muag pom.
Ntxiv mus, kev siv lub teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem txo qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim ntawm cov npoo siab ntawm cov khoom; thaum tsom mus rau, xaiv thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm daim duab, thiab tso lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev thaij duab tseem ceeb rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab ntau li ntau tau kom txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntug; rau cov duab loj, koj tuaj yeem siv thaj chaw tsom mus rau qhov them rau qhov tsis meej ntawm ntug uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov nkhaus ntawm daim teb.
Kev daws teeb meem kev zam kev hloov pauv hauv kev thaij duab macro
4.Kev tsim vaj tsev thiabisab nraudpkev thaij duab kub
Kev thaij duab txog vaj tse yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws txoj kev nrhiav cov kab ncaj nraim ntawm vaj tse, qhov sib piv raug, thiab cov ntsiab lus meej meej thoob plaws hauv daim duab. Lub teeb yuav yog ntuj lossis dag, thiab nws yooj yim rau kev hloov pauv xws li kev cuam tshuam, qhov nkhaus ntawm thaj chaw, kev hloov pauv chromatic, thiab astigmatism.
Cov tsom iav uas tig tau thiab hloov tau yog cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev thaij duab vaj tse. Lawv tuaj yeem kho qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov muag pom thiab qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub qhov muag/lub qhov ntswg los ntawm kev hloov lossis tig lub qhov muag pom, thaum tshem tawm qhov nkhaus ntawm thaj chaw, ua kom qhov chaw nruab nrab thiab ntug ntawm daim duab ntse ib yam nkaus, yog li zam kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hauv paus los ntawm qhov muag pom.
Siv lub tshuab ultra-lub lens dav davtuaj yeem ntes tau qhov chaw, tab sis nws yooj yim ua rau lub qhov muag tsis sib xws. Thaum thaij duab nrog lub lens dav dav, nws raug pom zoo kom txo qhov aperture mus rau F8-F11 kom txo qhov nkhaus ntawm thaj chaw thiab chromatic aberration.
Thaum thaij duab tsev los ntawm hauv qab lossis saum toj, sim ua kom lub koob yees duab nyob theem nrog cov kab tsev kom txo qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov pom. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom lub koob yees duab nyob theem, cov cuab yeej kho qhov pom tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev ua tiav tom qab.
Thaum koj tsim cov duab kos duab vaj tse, xyuas kom cov kab tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev (xws li phab ntsa thiab cov thav qhov rai) sib luag nrog ciam ntawm tus ncej kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab tshwm sim ntawm ntug ntawm daim duab.
Siv lub teeb mos mos rau kev thaij duab vaj tse sab hauv tsev kom txo qhov astigmatism uas tshwm sim los ntawm lub teeb tsawg, tib lub sijhawm txo qhov sib piv siab ntawm iav / hlau thiab tiv thaiv chromatic aberration. Rau kev thaij duab vaj tse sab nraum zoov, ntsia lub lens hood kom tsis txhob muaj qhov ci ntsa iab thiab aberration magnification uas tshwm sim los ntawm lub teeb ci ntsa iab ncaj qha rau hauv lub lens.
Kev daws teeb meem tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hauv kev thaij duab vaj tsev thiab sab hauv
5.Cov tsiaj qus thiabschaw nres nkojpkev thaij duab kub
Cov duab tsiaj qus thiab kev ua kis las feem ntau siv cov iav telephoto. Cov xwm txheej yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txav mus los sai ntawm tus neeg, xav tau kev tsom mus rau qhov tseeb sai, thiab lub teeb yuav muaj zog lossis tsis muaj zog. Cov teeb meem aberration feem ntau suav nrog coma, astigmatism, chromatic aberration, thiab spherical aberration.
Thaum tua tsiaj qus/kev ua si nawv, muab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plawscov iav telephotonrog cov khoom tawg qis kom zoo tiv thaiv chromatic aberration. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb sab nraum zoov muaj zog, nres lub qhov aperture los ntawm 1-2 nres, piv txwv li, los ntawm F2.8 txog F4, tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ntse ntawm qhov chaw thiab ntug, tiv thaiv coma thiab astigmatism, thiab txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm autofocus.
Thaum thaij duab kev ua kis las hauv qhov kaj tsawg thiab xav tau lub qhov loj, xaiv lub qhov loj thib ob ntawm lub lens (xws li F2.8). Yog tias muaj teeb meem coma, nres mus rau F3.5 kom sib npaug ntawm lub teeb nkag thiab kev tswj hwm aberration. Qhib lub koob yees duab lub hom kev tsom mus rau qhov ceev ceev ua kom lub tsom mus rau qhov khoom txav mus los, txo qhov aberration blur uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov teeb meem tsis pom kev.
Ntxiv mus, siv lub lens telephoto + tripod/monopod tuaj yeem txo qhov kev co ntawm lub lens thiab zam kev co astigmatism; kev teeb tsa lub lens hood tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub hnub ci ncaj qha los ntawm kev ntaus lub lens thaum thaij duab sab nraum zoov, txo qhov ci ntsa iab thiab kev hloov pauv; thaum thaij cov noog ya / cov khoom txav mus los sai, sim sau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej nrog cov khoom kom txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ntug kev hloov pauv.
Xaus lus, yuav kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntawm lub lens aberration, koj yuav tsum xub nkag siab txog lub lens uas koj siv. Txhua lub lens muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Sim koj lub lens ua ntej kom paub qhov ntev ntawm lub lens lossis qhov aperture uas muaj qhov aberrations ntau tshaj plaws, thiab zam kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thaum thaij duab.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev kho qhov muag ntawm cov aberrations (xaiv lub lens, nres qhov aperture, kho qhov optical axis) yog qhov tseem ceeb, thaum kev them nyiaj tom qab ua tiav tsuas yog ib qho ntxiv xwb; kev ua tiav tom qab ntau dhau yuav ua rau poob cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-09-2026
