Kristale ya Ge

"Ge crystal" ubusanzwe yerekeza kuri kristu ikozwe muri germanium (Ge), ikaba ari ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Germanium ikunze gukoreshwa mu bijyanye n'urumuri rwa infrared na fotoniki bitewe n'imiterere yayo yihariye.

Dore bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bya kristu za germanium n'ikoreshwa ryazo:

1. Amadirishya n'amabara y'urumuri: Germanium ibonerana mu gace ka infrared ka electromagnetic spectrum, cyane cyane mu ntera za infrared zo hagati n'iz'urumuri rurerure. Iyi miterere ituma ikoreshwa mu gukora amadirishya n'amalenzi akoreshwa muri sisitemu zo gufata amashusho y'ubushyuhe, kamera za infrared, n'ibindi bikoresho by'urumuri bikora mu ntera za infrared.
2. Ibikoresho byo gupima: Germanium ikoreshwa kandi nk'ifatizo mu gukora ibikoresho bipima infrared, nka photodiode na photoconductors. Ibi bikoresho bishobora guhindura imirasire ya infrared mo ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi, bigatuma habaho kumenya no gupima urumuri rwa infrared.
3. Spektroscopy: Amakristu ya Germanium akoreshwa mu bikoresho bya infrared spectroscopy. Ashobora gukoreshwa nk'ibice by'imirasire, prisms, n'amadirishya kugira ngo ahindure kandi asesengure urumuri rwa infrared kugira ngo hakoreshwe mu gusesengura ibinyabutabire n'ibintu.
4. Optike ya Laser: Germanium ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho by'urumuri muri zimwe na zimwe za laser za infrared, cyane cyane izikora mu ntera yo hagati ya infrared. Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gukusanya cyangwa nk'igice mu myobo ya laser.
5. Ubumenyi bw'ikirere n'ubumenyi bw'ikirere: Amabuye ya Germanium akoreshwa muri telesikope za infrared n'ibikoresho byo kureba mu isanzure mu kwiga ibintu byo mu kirere bisohora imirasire ya infrared. Bifasha abashakashatsi gukusanya amakuru y'agaciro ku isanzure atagaragara mu mucyo ugaragara.

Uduce twa Germanium dushobora guhingwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye, nko muri Czochralski (CZ) cyangwa muri Float Zone (FZ). Ubu buryo burimo gushongesha no gukomeretsa germanium mu buryo bugenzurwa kugira ngo habeho utwo duce duto dufite imiterere yihariye.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko nubwo germanium ifite imiterere yihariye ya infrared optics, ikoreshwa ryayo rigengwa n'ibintu nko ku giciro, kuboneka, ndetse n'uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru buto ugereranije n'ibindi bikoresho bya infrared nka zinc selenide (ZnSe) cyangwa zinc sulfide (ZnS). Guhitamo ibikoresho biterwa n'ikoreshwa ryihariye n'ibisabwa na sisitemu y'urumuri.