Iyini Ikhamera Yemoto? Yiziphi Izidingo Zenqubo Yamakhamera Emoto?

Amakhamera ezimoto asetshenziswa kabanzi e-izimotoensimini, futhi izimo zokusetshenziswa kwazo ziya ngokuya zihlukahluka, kusukela kumarekhodi okuqala okushayela kanye nezithombe ezibuyela emuva kuya ekuqaphelweni okuhlakaniphile, ukushayela okusizwa yi-ADAS, njll. Ngakho-ke, amakhamera ezimoto aziwa nangokuthi “amehlo okushayela okuzenzakalelayo” futhi abe yimishini eyinhloko emkhakheni wokushayela okuzenzakalelayo.

1.Iyini ikhamera yemoto?

Ikhamera yemoto iyidivayisi ephelele eyakhiwe uchungechunge lwezingxenye. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zehadiwe zifaka amalensi okukhanya, izinzwa zesithombe, ama-serializer, ama-processor wesignali yesithombe se-ISP, izixhumi, njll.

Amalensi okubona abhekene kakhulu nokugxila ekukhanyeni nasekuvezeni izinto emkhakheni wokubuka ebusweni bendlela yokuthwebula izithombe. Kuye ngezidingo zemiphumela yokuthwebula izithombe, izidingo zokwakheka kwelensiamalensi okukhanyanazo zihlukile.

Enye yezingxenye zekhamera yemoto: ilensi yokukhanya

Izinzwa zesithombe zingasebenzisa umsebenzi wokuguqula i-photoelectric wamadivayisi e-photoelectric ukuguqula isithombe esikhanyayo ebusweni obuzwela ukukhanya sibe isignali kagesi ehambisana nesithombe esikhanyayo. Zihlukaniswe kakhulu nge-CCD kanye ne-CMOS.

Iprosesa yesignali yesithombe (i-ISP) ithola idatha eluhlaza ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusuka ku-sensor, futhi yenza izinqubo eziningi zokulungisa njengokususa umphumela we-mosaic, ukulungisa umbala, ukususa ukuphambuka kwelensi, kanye nokwenza ukucindezela kwedatha okuphumelelayo. Ingaphinde iqedele ukuguqulwa kwefomethi yevidiyo, ukukala isithombe, ukuvezwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukugxila okuzenzakalelayo kanye neminye imisebenzi.

I-serializer ingadlulisa idatha yesithombe esicutshunguliwe futhi ingasetshenziswa ukudlulisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha yesithombe njenge-RGB, i-YUV, njll. Isixhumi sisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxhuma nokulungisa ikhamera.

2.Yiziphi izidingo zenqubo yamakhamera ezimoto?

Njengoba izimoto zidinga ukusebenza endaweni yangaphandle isikhathi eside futhi zidinga ukumelana novivinyo lwezindawo ezinzima, amakhamera ezimoto ayadingeka ukuze akwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezimo zokushisa eziphakeme neziphansi, ukudlidliza okunamandla, umswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa. Ngakho-ke, izidingo zamakhamera ezimoto ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokuthembeka ziphakeme kunezo zamakhamera ezimboni kanye namakhamera ezentengiselwano.

Ikhamera yemoto isemkhunjini

Ngokuvamile, izidingo zenqubo yamakhamera ezimoto zifaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:

①Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu

Ikhamera yemoto idinga ukukwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphakathi kuka -40℃ ~ 85℃ futhi ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ezinkulu zokushisa.

②Ukumelana namanzi

Ukuvalwa kwekhamera yemoto kumele kube qinile kakhulu futhi kumele ikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ngemva kokucwiliswa emvuleni izinsuku eziningana.

③Ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba

Uma imoto ihamba emgwaqweni ongalingani, izokhiqiza ukudlidliza okunamandla, ngakho-keikhamera yemotokumele ikwazi ukumelana nokudlidliza kwamandla ahlukahlukene.

Ikhamera yemoto elwa nokudlidliza

④I-antimagnetic

Uma imoto iqala, izokhiqiza ama-pulse aphezulu kakhulu kagesi, okudinga ukuthi ikhamera engaphakathi ibe nokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu kokulwa nogesi.

⑤Umsindo ophansi

Ikhamera iyadingeka ukuze icindezele umsindo ngempumelelo ekukhanyeni okufiphele, ikakhulukazi ukubuka eceleni kanye namakhamera okubuka ngemuva ayadingeka ukuze athwebule izithombe ngokucacile ngisho nasebusuku.

⑥Amandla aphezulu

Imoto ihamba ngokushesha futhi indawo yokukhanya ebhekene nekhamera ishintsha kakhulu futhi njalo, okudinga ukuthi i-CMOS yekhamera ibe nezici ezishintshashintshayo kakhulu.

⑦I-engeli ebanzi kakhulu

Kuyadingeka ukuthi ikhamera ezungezile ebuka eceleni kumele ibe yi-engeli ebanzi kakhulu ene-engeli yokubuka evundlile engaphezu kuka-135°.

⑧Impilo yesevisi

Impilo yenkonzo ye-ikhamera yemotokumele okungenani kube yiminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-10 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo.

Imicabango Yokugcina:

Uma unesifiso sokuthenga izinhlobo ezahlukene zamalensi okuqapha, ukuskena, ama-drones, ikhaya elihlakaniphile, noma olunye uhlobo lokusetshenziswa, sinalokho okudingayo. Xhumana nathi namuhla ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngamalensi ethu nezinye izesekeli.