Ingilazi ebonakalayo uhlobo olukhethekile lwezinto zengilazi, okungenye yezinto ezibalulekile eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza amathuluzi okukhanya. Inezakhiwo ezinhle zokukhanya kanye nezakhiwo ezithile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene kokukhanya.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zeglasi elibonakalayo?

Ingilazi ebonakalayo ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezithile zokusebenza kanye nezici zezinto ezibonakalayo. Nazi izinhlobo eziningana ezivamile zengilazi ebonakalayo:

1. Ingilazi ye-silicate

Ingilazi ye-silicate uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwengilazi ye-optical, futhi ingxenye yayo eyinhloko yi-silicate, okuyi-silicon dioxide, evame ukuqukethe izingxenye ezifana ne-boron oxide, i-sodium oxide, kanye ne-magnesium oxide.

2. Ingilazi ye-lead

Ingilazi ye-lead ibhekisela engilazini ekhanyayo enesilinganiso esithile se-lead oxide eyengeziwe, ene-refractive index ephezulu kanye nobuningi futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kumathuluzi okukhanya afana nama-telescope nama-microscope.

3. Ingilazi ye-borosilicate

Ingilazi ye-borosilicate ifakwa kakhulu nge-boron oxide, ene-refractive index ephezulu kanye nokusebenza okuphansi kokusabalala, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amalensi nama-prism.

Izinhlobo zeglasi elibonakalayo

4. Ingilazi ye-Quartz

Ingxenye eyinhloko yengilazi ye-quartz nayo i-silicon dioxide, enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhanya kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali, futhi manje isetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi namathuluzi okukhanya.

5. Ingilazi yomhlaba engavamile

Ingilazi yomhlaba engavamile iyingilazi ebonakalayo eyenziwe ngokungeza izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile, ezingalungisa izakhiwo ze-optical futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amasimu obuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengama-laser.

Umehluko phakathi kwengilazi ebonakalayo nengilazi evamile

Uma kuqhathaniswa nengilazi evamile, ingilazi ebonakalayo icwengekile kakhulu futhi inobungcweti maqondana nobumsulwa bokwakheka, inqubo yokulungiselela, ukusebenza kwe-optical, njll. Umehluko omkhulu yile:

Ubukhulu nesisindo

Ingilazi ebonakalayo ngokuvamile inobukhulu obuncane kanye nesisindo esilula, okwenza ifaneleke ekukhiqizweni kwemishini yokukhanya enembile. Ingilazi evamile ingenziwa ibe nkulu futhi ibe nzima ngenxa yezinkambu ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.

Ingxenye

Ingilazi ebonakalayo ihlanzekile kakhulu ngokwakheka kwayo futhi ilawulwa kahle, ivame ukulungiswa kusetshenziswa amafomula athile amakhemikhali kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanzekile kakhulu ukuze kufezwe izakhiwo ezilindelekile zokukhanya. Ukwakheka kwengilazi evamile kulula kakhulu, ngokuvamile kwakhiwe ngama-silicates nokunye ukungcola.

Ukwakheka kwengilazi evamile

Inqubo yokulungiselela

Ingilazi ebonakalayo idinga izinqubo zokulungiselela eziqondile, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinqubo ezifana nokuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukwelashwa kokushisa nge-vacuum, kanye nokupholisa okulawulwayo okuqondile ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokunemba kokusebenza kokukhanya. Ingilazi evamile ngokuvamile isebenzisa izinqubo zokulungiselela ingilazi ezivamile, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi kakhulu.

Ukusebenza kokukhanya

Ingilazi ebonakalayo inezici ezifana ne-refractive index ephezulu, ukusabalala okuncane, kanye nokumuncwa kokukhanya okuphansi, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokukhanya kuhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ingilazi ebonakalayo ingasetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi okukhanya afana namalensi, ama-prism, kanye nezihlungi zokukhanya zezinhlelo zokukhanya eziqondile.

Kodwa-ke, ingilazi evamile ayisebenzi kahle ekukhanyeni futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa emasimini afana nezitsha ezivamile nezinto zokwakha.