Njengoba sonke sazi, amakhamera adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokuqapha ezokuphepha. Ngokuvamile, amakhamera afakwa emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni, ezitolo ezinkulu nakwezinye izindawo zomphakathi, emakhampasi, ezinkampanini nakwezinye izindawo. Awadlali nje indima yokuqapha, kodwa futhi ayizinhlobo zemishini yokuphepha futhi ngezinye izikhathi abuye abe umthombo wezinkomba ezibalulekile.

Kungashiwo ukuthi amakhamera okuqapha ezokuphepha aseyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi nokuphila emphakathini wanamuhla.

Njengethuluzi elibalulekile lohlelo lokuqapha ezokuphepha, i-ilensi yokuqapha ukuphephaingathola futhi iqophe isithombe sevidiyo sendawo ethile noma indawo ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngaphezu kokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela, amalensi okuqapha ukuphepha nawo anesitoreji sevidiyo, ukufinyelela okukude kanye neminye imisebenzi, esetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokuphepha.

Amalensi okuqapha ezokuphepha

1,Ukwakheka okuyinhloko kwelensi yokuqapha ukuphepha

1)Fubude bamehlo

Ubude obuqondile belensi yokuqapha ukuphepha bunquma usayizi kanye nokucaca kwento eqondiwe esithombeni. Ubude obufushane obuqondile bufanelekela ukuqapha ububanzi obukhulu kanti umbono okude mncane; ubude obuqondile obude bufanelekela ukuqapha ibanga elide futhi bungakhulisa umgomo.

2)Ilensi

Njengengxenye ebalulekile yelensi yokuqapha ukuphepha, ilensi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula insimu ye-engeli yokubuka kanye nobude obuqondile ukuze kubanjwe izinto eziqondiwe ebangeni elihlukile kanye nobubanzi. Ukukhetha ilensi kufanele kunqunywe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile. Isibonelo, amalensi ane-engeli ebanzi asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqapha izindawo ezinkulu, kuyilapho amalensi e-telephoto esetshenziswa ukuqapha izithagethi ezikude.

3)Inzwa Yesithombe

Inzwa yesithombe ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zeilensi yokuqapha ukuphepha. Inesibopho sokuguqula izimpawu ezibonakalayo zibe izimpawu zikagesi ukuze kuthathwe izithombe. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezivamile zezinzwa zezithombe: i-CCD kanye ne-CMOS. Njengamanje, i-CMOS ithatha indawo evelele kancane kancane.

4)Imbobo

Ukuvulwa kwelensi yokuqapha ukuphepha kusetshenziselwa ukulungisa inani lokukhanya okungena kulensi nokulawula ukukhanya nokujula kwesithombe. Ukuvula imbobo kabanzi kungandisa inani lokukhanya okungena, okufanelekela ukuqapha ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane, kanti ukuvala imbobo kungafinyelela ukujula okukhulu kwensimu.

5)Tindlela yokugoqa

Amanye amalensi okuqapha ukuphepha anendlela yokujikeleza yokushintshashintsha nokujika okuvundlile nokuqondile. Lokhu kungamboza ububanzi obubanzi bokuqapha futhi kwandise i-panorama kanye nokuguquguquka kokuqapha.

Ilensi yokuqapha ukuphepha

2,Umklamo wokukhanya wamalensi okuqapha ukuphepha

Umklamo we-optical weamalensi okuqapha ukuphephaubuchwepheshe obubaluleke kakhulu, obuhilela ubude be-focal, insimu yokubuka, izingxenye zelensi kanye nezinto zelensi zelensi.

1)Fubude bamehlo

Kumalensi okuqapha ukuphepha, ubude obuqondile buyipharamitha ebalulekile. Ukukhetha ubude obuqondile kunquma ukuthi into ingabanjwa kude kangakanani yilensi. Ngokuvamile, ubude obuqondile obukhulu bungafeza ukulandelela nokubuka izinto ezikude, kuyilapho ubude obuncane obuqondile bufanelekela ukudubula nge-engeli ebanzi futhi bungamboza insimu enkulu yokubuka.

2)Insimu yokubuka

Insimu yokubuka nayo ingenye yemingcele ebalulekile okudingeka icatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwamalensi okuqapha ukuphepha. Insimu yokubuka inquma ububanzi obuqondile nobuqondile obungabanjwa yilensi.

Ngokuvamile, amalensi okuqapha ezokuphepha kudingeka abe nensimu enkulu yokubuka, akwazi ukumboza indawo ebanzi, futhi ahlinzeke ngensimu ephelele yokubuka yokuqapha.

3)Lizingxenye ze-ens

Ukuhlanganiswa kwelensi kuhlanganisa amalensi amaningi, futhi imisebenzi ehlukene kanye nemiphumela yokukhanya kungafezwa ngokulungisa ukuma nendawo yamalensi. Ukwakheka kwezingxenye zelensi kudinga ukucabangela izici ezifana nekhwalithi yesithombe, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokukhanya ezahlukene, kanye nokumelana nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka endaweni ezungezile.

4)Ilensimi-aterials

Izinto zelensi nazo zingenye yezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-optical.Amalensi okuqapha ezokuphephazidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhanya kanye nokuqina. Izinto ezivamile zifaka ingilazi nepulasitiki.

Imicabango Yokugcina

Uma unesifiso sokuthenga izinhlobo ezahlukene zamalensi okuqapha, ukuskena, ama-drones, ikhaya elihlakaniphile, noma olunye uhlobo lokusetshenziswa, sinalokho okudingayo. Xhumana nathi namuhla ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngamalensi ethu nezinye izesekeli.