Ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-optics kusize ezokwelapha zesimanje kanye nesayensi yokuphila ukuthi zingene esigabeni sokuthuthuka okusheshayo, njengokuhlinzwa okungangenisi kakhulu, ukwelashwa nge-laser, ukuxilongwa kwezifo, ucwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA, njll.

Ukuhlinzwa kanye ne-Pharmacokinetics

Indima ye-optics ekuhlinzeni kanye ne-pharmacokinetics ibonakala kakhulu ezicini ezimbili: i-laser kanye nokukhanyisa kanye nokuthwebula izithombe ngaphakathi emzimbeni.

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-laser njengomthombo wamandla

Umqondo wokwelashwa nge-laser wethulwa ekuhlinzweni kwamehlo ngawo-1960. Lapho izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-laser kanye nezakhiwo zawo ziqashelwa, ukwelashwa nge-laser kwanda ngokushesha kwezinye izinkambu.

Imithombo yokukhanya ye-laser ehlukene (igesi, okuqinile, njll.) ingakhipha ama-laser acindezelweyo (ama-Laser acindezelweyo) kanye nama-laser agxilile (i-wave eqhubekayo), anemiphumela ehlukene ezicutshini ezahlukene zomzimba womuntu. Le mithombo yokukhanya ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi: i-laser ecindezelweyo (i-laser ecindezelweyo); i-laser ecindezelweyo (i-laser ecindezelweyo ye-argon ion); i-laser ecindezelweyo ye-carbon dioxide (CW CO2); i-laser ye-yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG). Ngenxa yokuthi i-laser ecindezelweyo ye-carbon dioxide kanye ne-laser ye-yttrium aluminium garnet zinomphumela wokujiya kwegazi lapho zisika izicubu zomuntu, zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlinzeni okuvamile.

Ubude be-laser obusetshenziswa ekwelapheni ngokuvamile bungaphezu kuka-100 nm. Ukumuncwa kwama-laser obude obuhlukene ezicutshini ezahlukene zomzimba womuntu kusetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwezokwelapha. Isibonelo, lapho ubude be-laser bungaphezu kuka-1um, amanzi ayisithako esiyinhloko. Ama-laser awakwazi nje kuphela ukukhiqiza imiphumela yokushisa ekumuncweni kwezicubu zomuntu ukuze kunqunywe futhi kuhlanganiswe ngokuhlinzwa, kodwa futhi akhiqiza imiphumela yemishini.

Ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba abantu bethole imiphumela yemishini engeyona eye-linear yama-laser, njengokukhiqizwa kwama-bubbles e-cavitation kanye namagagasi okucindezela, ama-laser asetshenziswa kumasu okuphazamisa ukukhanya, njengokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kanye nokuhlinzwa kwamakhemikhali okuchoboza itshe lezinso. Ama-laser angakhiqiza nemiphumela ye-photochemical ukuqondisa imithi yomdlavuza nge-mediators ezwela ukukhanya ukuze ikhiphe imiphumela yemithi ezindaweni ezithile zezicubu, njengokwelashwa kwe-PDT. I-laser ehlanganiswe ne-pharmacokinetics idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha ngokunemba.

2. Ukusetshenziswa kokukhanya njengethuluzi lokukhanyisa kanye nokuthwebula izithombe ngaphakathi emzimbeni

Kusukela ngawo-1990, i-CCD (ehlanganisiwe ngokukhokhisa)Ikhamera ye-Device) yethulwa ekuhlinzeni okungenangozi kakhulu (i-Minimally Invasive Therapy, i-MIT), futhi i-optics ibe noshintsho olubonakalayo ekusetshenzisweni kokuhlinzwa. Imiphumela yezithombe zokukhanya ekuhlinzeni okungenangozi kakhulu kanye nokuvulelekile ifaka phakathi ama-endoscope, izinhlelo ze-micro-imaging, kanye ne-surgical holographic imaging.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimoI-Endoscope, okuhlanganisa i-gastroenteroscope, i-duodenoscope, i-colonoscope, i-angioscope, njll.

Indlela yokukhanya ye-endoscope

Indlela yokukhanya ye-endoscope ihlanganisa izinhlelo ezimbili ezizimele nezihlelekile zokukhanyisa kanye nokuthwebula izithombe.

OkuqinileI-Endoscope, okuhlanganisa i-arthroscopy, i-laparoscopy, i-thoracoscopy, i-ventriculoscopy, i-hysteroscopy, i-cystoscopy, i-otolinoscopy, njll.

Ama-endoscope aqinile ngokuvamile anama-engeli amaningana aqondile okukhetha kuwo, njengama-degree angu-30, ama-degree angu-45, ama-degree angu-60, njll.

Ikhamera yomzimba encane iyithuluzi lokuthwebula izithombe elisekelwe kupulatifomu yobuchwepheshe be-CMOS kanye ne-CCD encane. Isibonelo, i-capsule endoscope,I-PillCam. Ingangena ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla lomzimba womuntu ukuze ihlole izilonda futhi iqaphe imiphumela yemithi.

I-capsule endoscopy

I-microscope yokuhlinzwa ye-holographic, idivayisi yokuthwebula izithombe esetshenziselwa ukubona izithombe ze-3D zezicubu ezincane ekuhlinzeni okunembile, njengokuhlinzwa kwe-neurosurgery ye-craniotomy.

I-microscope yokuhlinzwa ye-holographic

Fingqa:

1. Ngenxa yomphumela wokushisa, umphumela womshini, umphumela wokuzwela kwe-photosensitivity kanye neminye imiphumela yebhayoloji ye-laser, isetshenziswa kabanzi njengomthombo wamandla ekuhlinzeni okungangenisi kakhulu, ekwelashweni okungangenisi kanye nokwelashwa ngemithi okuqondisiwe.

2. Ngenxa yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe, imishini yokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha iye yathuthuka kakhulu ekuqondeni okuphezulu kanye nokunciphisa i-aturization, yabeka isisekelo sokuhlinzwa okuncane nokungenangozi emzimbeni. Njengamanje, amadivayisi okuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka phakathiama-endoscope, izithombe ze-holographic kanye nezinhlelo ze-micro-imaging.