Amakhamera ezimboni ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokubona komshini. Umsebenzi wawo obaluleke kakhulu ukuguqula amasignali okukhanya abe amasignali kagesi ahleliwe amakhamera amancane ezimboni anencazelo ephezulu.
Ezinhlelweni zokubona komshini, ilensi yekhamera yezimboni ilingana neso lomuntu, futhi umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukugxila isithombe esiqondiwe endaweni ezwela ukukhanya kwenzwa yesithombe (ikhamera yezimboni).
Lonke ulwazi lwesithombe olucutshungulwa uhlelo lokubona lungatholakala ngelensi yekhamera yezimboni. Ikhwalithi yekhamerailensi yekhamera yezimbonikuzothinta ngqo ukusebenza okuphelele kohlelo lokubona.
Njengohlobo lwemishini yokuthwebula izithombe, amalensi ekhamera yezimboni avame ukwakha uhlelo oluphelele lokuthola izithombe olunokunikezwa kwamandla, ikhamera, njll. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwamalensi ekhamera yezimboni kulawulwa yizidingo zesistimu iyonke. Ngokuvamile, kungahlaziywa futhi kucatshangelwe kusukela kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1.Ilensi ye-Wavelength kanye ne-zoom noma cha
Kulula kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ilensi yekhamera yezimboni idinga ilensi yokusondeza noma ilensi yokugxila okugxilile. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi ubude besikhathi obusebenzayo belensi yekhamera yezimboni bugxilile yini. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthwebula izithombe, uma ukukhuliswa kudinga ukushintshwa, ilensi yokusondeza kufanele isetshenziswe, ngaphandle kwalokho ilensi yokugxila okugxilile yanele.
Ngokuphathelene nobude besikhathi obusebenzayoamalensi ekhamera yezimboni, ibhendi yokukhanya ebonakalayo iyona evame kakhulu, futhi kukhona nokusetshenziswa kwamanye amabhendi. Ingabe kudingeka izindlela zokuhlunga ezengeziwe? Ingabe ukukhanya okukodwa noma okune-polychromatic? Ingabe ithonya lokukhanya okulahlekile lingagwenywa ngempumelelo? Kuyadingeka ukulinganisa ngokuphelele izinkinga ezingenhla ngaphambi kokunquma ubude besikhathi obusebenzayo belensi.
Khetha amalensi ekhamera yezimboni
2.Kunikezwa kuqala izicelo ezikhethekile
Kuye ngesicelo sangempela, kungase kube nezidingo ezikhethekile. Izidingo ezikhethekile kumele ziqinisekiswe kuqala, isibonelo, ukuthi ngabe kukhona umsebenzi wokulinganisa, uma kudingeka ilensi ye-telecentric, ukuthi ngabe ukujula kokugxila kwesithombe kukhulu kakhulu, njll. Ukujula kokugxila akuvamile ukuthathwa ngokungathi sína, kodwa noma yiluphi uhlelo lokucubungula isithombe kumele lucabangele.
3.Ibanga lokusebenza kanye nobude obuqondile
Ibanga lokusebenza kanye nobude obuqondile kuvame ukubhekwa ndawonye. Umqondo ojwayelekile ukuqala ngokunquma isixazululo sesistimu, bese uqonda ukukhuliswa kuhlanganiswe nosayizi wephikseli ye-CCD, bese uqonda ibanga elingenzeka lesithombe-nto lihlanganiswe nemikhawulo yesakhiwo sendawo, ukuze kulinganiswe ubude obuqondile belensi yekhamera yezimboni.
Ngakho-ke, ubude obuqondile belensi yekhamera yezimboni buhlobene nebanga lokusebenza belensi yekhamera yezimboni kanye nesinqumo sekhamera (kanye nosayizi wephikseli ye-CCD).
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha amalensi ekhamera yezimboni
4.Usayizi wesithombe kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe
Usayizi wesithombe seilensi yekhamera yezimboniokufanele kukhethwe kufanele kuhambisane nosayizi wobuso obuzwela ukukhanya kwekhamera yezimboni, futhi kufanele kulandelwe isimiso esithi “obukhulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nobuncane”, okungukuthi, ubuso obuzwela ukukhanya kwekhamera abukwazi ukudlula usayizi wesithombe oboniswe ilensi, ngaphandle kwalokho ikhwalithi yesithombe yensimu yokubuka esemaphethelweni ayinakuqinisekiswa.
Izidingo zekhwalithi yokuthwebula izithombe zincike kakhulu ku-MTF kanye nokuhlanekezela. Ekusetshenzisweni kokulinganisa, ukuhlanekezela kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okukhulu.
5.Imbobo kanye nelensi yokufaka
Ukuvuleka kwamalensi ekhamera yezimboni kuthinta kakhulu ukukhanya kwendawo yokuthwebula izithombe, kodwa embonweni womshini wamanje, ukukhanya kokugcina kwesithombe kunqunywa yizici eziningi ezifana nokuvuleka, izinhlayiya zekhamera, isikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, umthombo wokukhanya, njll. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kutholakale ukukhanya kwesithombe okudingekayo, kudingeka izinyathelo eziningi zokulungisa.
Ukukhwezwa kwelensi kwekhamera yezimboni kubhekisela esixhumini sokufakelwa phakathi kwelensi nekhamera, futhi lokhu okubili kumele kufane. Uma lokhu okubili kungahambelani, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukushintshwa.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha amalensi ekhamera yezimboni
6.Izindleko kanye nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe
Uma ngemva kokucatshangelwa kabanzi kwalezi zici ezingenhla, kunezixazululo eziningi ezihlangabezana nezidingo, ungacabangela izindleko eziphelele kanye nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, bese uzibeka kuqala.
I-PS: Isibonelo sokukhethwa kwelensi
Ngezansi sinikeza isibonelo sendlela yokukhetha ilensi yekhamera yezimboni. Isibonelo, uhlelo lokubona ngomshini ukuthola uhlamvu lwemali ludinga ukuhlonyiswa nge-ilensi yekhamera yezimboni. Imikhawulo eyaziwayo yile: i-CCD yekhamera yezimboni ingu-2/3 amayintshi, usayizi wephikseli ungu-4.65μm, i-C-mount, ibanga lokusebenza likhulu kuno-200mm, isixazululo sesistimu singu-0.05mm, kanti umthombo wokukhanya ungumthombo wokukhanya we-LED omhlophe.
Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kokukhetha amalensi kungokulandelayo:
(1) Ilensi esetshenziswa nomthombo wokukhanya we-LED omhlophe kufanele ibe sebangeni lokukhanya okubonakalayo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusondeza, futhi ilensi yokugxila okugxilile ingakhethwa.
(2) Ekuhlolweni kwezimboni, umsebenzi wokulinganisa uyadingeka, ngakho-ke ilensi ekhethiwe iyadingeka ukuze ibe nokuphambuka okuphansi.
(3) Ibanga lokusebenza kanye nobude bokugxila:
Ukukhulisa isithombe: M=4.65/(0.05 x 1000)=0.093
Ubude befokha: F= L*M/(M+1)= 200*0.093/1.093=17mm
Uma ibanga eliqondile lidingeka libe ngaphezu kwama-200mm, ubude obuqondile belensi ekhethiwe kufanele bube ngaphezu kwama-17mm.
(4) Usayizi wesithombe selensi ekhethiwe akufanele ube mncane kunefomethi ye-CCD, okungukuthi, okungenani amasentimitha angu-2/3.
(5) Isithasiselo selensi siyadingeka ukuthi sibe yi-C-mount ukuze sisetshenziswe namakhamera ezimboni. Asikho isidingo sokuvuleka okwamanje.
Ngokuhlaziya nokubalwa kwezici ezingenhla, singathola "uhlaka" lokuqala lwamalensi ekhamera yezimboni: ubude obuqondile obungaphezu kuka-17mm, ukugxila okuqinile, ububanzi bokukhanya okubonakalayo, i-C-mount, ehambisana nosayizi wephikseli we-CCD okungenani ongu-2/3-intshi, kanye nokuphambuka okuncane kwesithombe. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zidingo, kungenziwa ukukhetha okwengeziwe. Uma amalensi amaningana engahlangabezana nalezi zidingo, kunconywa ukuthi kuthuthukiswe futhi kukhethwe ilensi engcono kakhulu.
Imicabango Yokugcina:
UChuangAn wenze umklamo wokuqala kanye nokukhiqizwa kweamalensi ezimboni, ezisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izici zezicelo zezimboni. Uma unesithakazelo noma unesidingo samalensi ezimboni, sicela usithinte ngokushesha okukhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-21-2025
