Zvinhu zvepurasitiki uye jekiseni rekuisa mugirazi ndizvo zvinoumba malenzi madiki. Maumbirwo elenzi yepurasitiki anosanganisira zvinhu zvelenzi, bhareni relenzi, chigadziko chelenzi, spacer, shading sheet, pressure ring material, nezvimwewo.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvemalenzi zvemalenzi epurasitiki, zvose zviri zvepurasitiki (high molecular polymer). Idzo ithermoplastics, mapurasitiki anopfava uye anova mapurasitiki kana apiswa, anoomesa kana atonhodzwa, uye anopfava kana apiswa zvakare. Kuchinja kwemuviri kunounza shanduko inodzoreka pakati pemamiriro emvura uye akaoma uchishandisa kupisa nekutonhodza. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kare uye zvimwe zvitsva. Zvimwe ipurasitiki yekushandiswa kwakajairika, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nepurasitiki yemaziso, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mune mamwe minda yemaziso.

Mukugadzira optical, tinogona kuona mhando dzezvinhu zvemakambani akasiyana-siyana, akadai seEP8000, K26R, APL5015, OKP-1 nezvimwewo. Zvese ndezvemhando yepurasitiki, uye mhando dzinotevera dzakajairika, uye tichadzironga zvichienderana nenguva yadzo yekuonekwa:

Magirazi epurasitiki

• l PMMA/Acrylic:Poly(methyl methacrylate), polymethyl methacrylate (plexiglass, acrylic). Nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakachipa, kutumirwa kwakanyanya, uye simba rakawanda remuchina, PMMA ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakutsiva magirazi muhupenyu. Mapurasitiki mazhinji anopenya akagadzirwa nePMMA, akadai semaplate anopenya, zvipunu zvinopenya, uye maLED madiki, lenzi nezvimwewo. PMMA yave kugadzirwa zvakanyanya kubvira kuma1930.
• PS:Polystyrene, polystyrene, ipurasitiki isina ruvara uye inoonekera, pamwe chete nepurasitiki yeinjiniya, iyo yakatanga kugadzirwa zvakanyanya muma1930. Mabhokisi mazhinji machena efuro nemabhokisi ekudya kwemasikati akajairika muhupenyu hwedu akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvePS.
• Kombiyuta:Polycarbonate, iyo inonzi polycarbonate, haina ruvara uye inoonekera, uye ipurasitiki inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya. Yakatanga kushandiswa mumaindasitiri chete kuma1960. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwezvinhu zvePC, mashandisirwo akajairika anosanganisira mabhaketi emvura, magogorosi, nezvimwewo.
• l COP & COC:Cyclic olefin Polymer (COP), Cyclic olefin polymer; Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) Cyclic olefin copolymer, chinhu chepolymer chakajeka chisina chimiro chine denderedzwa, chine carbon-carbon double bonds mudenderedzwa. Ma cyclic hydrocarbons anogadzirwa kubva kuma cyclic olefin monomers ne self-polymerization (COP) kana copolymerization (COC) nemamwe mamorekuru (akadai se ethylene). Hunhu hweCOP neCOC hwakafanana. Chinhu ichi chitsva. Pachakatangwa kekutanga, chainyanya kutariswa kune mamwe mashandisirwo ane chekuita ne optical. Iye zvino chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri efirimu, optical lens, display, medical (packaging bottle). COP yakapedza kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kunenge muna 1990, uye COC yakapedza kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri pamberi pa2000.
• l O-PET:Optical polyester optical polyester fiber, O-PET, yakatengeswa muOsaka muma2010.

Pakuongorora zvinhu zvinovheneka, tinonyanya kufunga nezvehunhu hwazvo hwemaziso nehwemakanika.

Optical pmaroperties

• Refractive Index & Kupararira

Refractive index uye kupararira

Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva mudhayagiramu iyi pfupiso kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana zvepurasitiki zvinowira muzvikamu zviviri: boka rimwe rine indekisi yepamusoro ye refractive uye kupararira kwakanyanya; rimwe boka rine indekisi yakaderera ye refractive uye kupararira kwakaderera. Tichienzanisa huwandu hwesarudzo ye refractive index uye kupararira kwezvinhu zvegirazi, tichaona kuti huwandu hwesarudzo ye refractive index yezvinhu zvepurasitiki hwakamanikana zvikuru, uye zvinhu zvese zvepurasitiki zvinopenya zvine indekisi yakaderera ye refractive. Kazhinji, huwandu hwesarudzo dzezvinhu zvepurasitiki hwakamanikana, uye kune zvingangoita gumi kusvika makumi maviri chete zvemagiredhi ekutengesa, izvo zvinoderedza rusununguko rwekugadzira optical maererano nezvinhu.

Refractive index inosiyana zvichienderana nehurefu hwewavelength: Refractive index yezvinhu zvepurasitiki zvinoonekwa inowedzera nehukuru hwewavelength, refractive index inoderera zvishoma, uye huwandu hwese hwakagadzikana.

Refractive index inochinja netembiricha Dn/DT: Tembiricha ye refractive index yemapurasitiki e optical yakakura ka6 kusvika ka50 kupfuura yegirazi, inova negative value, zvinoreva kuti sezvo tembiricha ichiwedzera, refractive index inoderera. Semuenzaniso, kune wavelength ye546nm, -20°C kusvika 40°C, dn/dT value yezvinhu zvepurasitiki ndeye -8 kusvika -15X10^–5/°C, nepo kusiyana, kukosha kwezvinhu zvegirazi NBK7 kuri 3X10^–6/°C.

• Kutumira

Kutumira

Tichitarisa mufananidzo uyu, mapurasitiki mazhinji e optical ane transmittance inopfuura 90% mu light band inooneka; anewo transmittance yakanaka ye infrared bands ye 850nm ne 940nm, iyo inowanikwa mu consumer electronics. Transmittance yezvinhu zvepurasitiki ichadererawo kusvika pamwero wakati nekufamba kwenguva. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti purasitiki inonwisa ultraviolet mwaranzi muzuva, uye molecular chain inotyoka kuti iparare uye isanganiswe, zvichikonzera shanduko mu physical uye chemical properties. Chinhu chinonyanya kuoneka macroscopic kuoneka kweyero kwezvinhu zvepurasitiki.

• Kushushikana Kwepfungwa

Kugadziriswa kweLenzi

Kustress birefringence (Birefringence) imhando ye optical yezvinhu. Refractive index yezvinhu ine chekuita nemamiriro e polarization uye nzira yekupararira kwechiedza. Zvinhu zvinoratidza indices dzakasiyana dze refraction kune akasiyana polarization states. Kune mamwe masisitimu, refractive index deviation iyi idiki kwazvo uye haina simba guru pasisitimu, asi kune mamwe masisitimu e optical chaiwo, deviation iyi yakakwana kukonzera kudzikira kukuru kwekushanda kwesisitimu.

Zvinhu zvepurasitiki pachazvo hazvina hunhu hwe anisotropic, asi kuumbwa kwepurasitiki nejekiseni kunounza birefringence yekushushikana. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekumanikidzwa kunounzwa panguva yekuumbwa kwejekiseni uye kurongeka kwema macromolecule epurasitiki mushure mekutonhora. Kushushikana kunowanzo sangana pedyo nechiteshi chejekiseni, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.

Dhizaini yakajairika uye musimboti wekugadzira ndeyekuderedza birefringence yekumanikidzwa mumhepo inoshanda, izvo zvinoda dhizaini inonzwisisika yechimiro chelenzi, mold yekuumba injection uye maparamendi ekugadzira. Pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinhu zvePC zvinonyanya kukonzera birefringence yekumanikidzwa (inenge kagumi kupfuura zvinhu zvePMMA), uye zvinhu zveCOP, COC, uye PMMA zvine birefringence yakaderera yekumanikidzwa.