Lens ndende ya focal ni imwe mu bwoko busanzwe bwa lens mu gufotora, kuko ishobora gutanga ubwiza bunini no gufata amashusho kure cyane kuri kamera bitewe n'uburebure bwayo bunini bwa focal.

Igihe kirekire ni iki? Lensi y'inyuma ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gufata amashusho?

Ikirahuri kirekire gishobora gufata amashusho arambuye y’ahantu kure, kibereye amashusho n’insanganyamatsiko bisaba ko umuntu areba kure. Gikoreshwa cyane mu mafoto y’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, mu mikino, mu mafoto y’ahantu kure, n’ahandi.

1.Amafoto y'inyamaswa zo mu gasozi

Mu gufotora inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, indorerwamo ndende ituma umufotozi afata amashusho y’ibihe bishimishije by’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi ariko agakomeza gukora intera runaka mu mutekano. Ishobora kugufasha kuzuza ishusho, gufata ibisobanuro birambuye, no kugaragaza imiterere y’inyamaswa.

2.Amafoto ya Siporo

Indorerwamo ndende zo mu mutwe nazo ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gufata abakinnyi bihuta cyangwa siporo nk'imikino y'umupira w'amaguru. Zishobora kwegereza umuntu uri kure, bigatuma umukinnyi cyangwa umukino ugira ingaruka nziza kandi ukagira imbaraga.

Indorerwamo ndende y'ifoto ya siporo

3.Indangagaciro ndendePgushushanya

Iyo ushaka gufata amashusho y’imisozi ya kure, ibiyaga, cyangwa izindi nyito karemano, indorerwamo ndende ishobora kwegereza ubwiza bw’ahantu kure, ikagufasha kubona amafoto y’ahantu nyaburanga afite ingaruka nziza kandi arambuye.

4.Amafoto y'amafoto

Nubwo idakunze gukoreshwa mu gufotora amashusho, lenseri ndende zishobora no gukoreshwa mu gufotora amashusho y’intambwe ndende. Gukoresha lenseri ya telefoto bishobora gufata inyuguti za kure no kugaragaza neza umuntu, bigatuma habaho ingaruka zidasanzwe zo kwibeshya inyuma.

Itandukaniro riri hagati yalongkwibanda ku kintuamatara yo kureba nongufiindorerwamo z'inyuma

Nk'ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bw'amalenzi akunze gukoreshwa mu bijyanye n'amafoto na videwo, hari itandukaniro rigaragara hagati y'amalenzi maremare n'amalenzi magufi:

1.Fuburebure bw'amaso

Uburebure bw'ikirahuri kirekire cya focal lens ni burebure kurusha ubw'ikirahuri gito cya focal, kandi uburebure bw'ikirahuri bugena inguni yo kureba n'ubwiyongere bw'ikirahuri. Uko uburebure bw'ikirahuri burushaho kuba burebure, ni ko lens yegeranye ishobora kwegereza ikintu; Uko uburebure bw'ikirahuri burushaho kuba bugufi, ni ko inguni yo kureba ikirahuri ishobora kubona yagutse. Ikirahuri kirekire cya focal gifite inguni nto yo kureba n'ubwiyongere bwinshi, bishobora kwegereza umuntu uri kure no gufata amakuru arambuye neza. Ugereranyije n'izindi lens, lens ngufi za focal zifite inguni nini yo kureba n'ubwiyongere buke, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu gufata amashusho y'ikirahuri kinini n'amakuru menshi.

2.Intera yo kurasa

Ijisho rirerire rishobora gufata amafoto ari kure no kwibanda ku bintu biri kure; Ahubwo, iyo ufata ibintu biri hafi, hari imbogamizi ku ijisho rya telephoto. Ijisho rigufi rikwiriye gufata amafoto ari hafi, rishobora kuba hafi y'ikintu kandi rigatanga ahantu hanini ho kureba, bigatuma rikwiriye gufata amafoto asaba ko umuntu akorana n'ikintu; Ahubwo, ijisho rigufi ridakwiriye gufata amafoto ari kure.

Ingaruka zo kubura inyuma kw'indorerwamo y'ikirahuri kirekire

3.Bokeh

Indorerwamo ndende zigaragara muri rusange zigira umwanya munini wo kubona urumuri, zishobora gutanga uburebure buke bw'umurima, bigatuma habaho ingaruka zo gusibangana hagati y'ikintu n'inyuma, kandi zikagaragaza neza ikintu. Indorerwamo ngufi zigaragara muri rusange zigira uburebure buke bw'umurima kandi zishobora kugaragaza ibisobanuro birambuye by'aho ibintu bibera, akenshi ntizitanga ingaruka zo gusibangana nk'iz'indorerwamo ndende zigaragara muri rusange.

4.Gufata imirasire

Bitewe n'uko ifite umwanya munini wo gupfuka, lenzi ndende ishobora gufata amafoto asobanutse neza mu gihe hari urumuri ruto. Lenzi ngufi zifite umwanya muto wo gupfuka kandi zishobora gusaba igihe kinini cyo kuzireba cyangwa zigakoresha amatara y'inyongera mu gufata amashusho mu gihe hari urumuri ruto.

5.Iguhindura imiterere y'abapfumu

Ugereranyije n'amabara magufi y'indorerwamo, amabara maremare y'indorerwamo akunze kugorama no kugorama mu busitani bw'ishusho, cyane cyane mu gice cy'inkombe z'amabara. Amabara magufi y'indorerwamo arahamye kandi akora neza mu bijyanye no kugorama no mu bibazo by'ubusitani bw'ishusho.