Ese amatara ya Varifocal akwiriye gufotora inyamaswa zo mu gasozi?

Nk'uko umutwe w'iyi nkuru ubivuga,indorerwamo za varifocalni nziza cyane mu gufotora inyamaswa zo mu gasozi kandi ubu ni imwe mu mahitamo akunzwe cyane mu gufotora inyamaswa zo mu gasozi. Uburyo bworoshye bwo gufotora uburebure bw'inyuma, umuvuduko wo gufotora, no gushimangira amashusho ya lenses za varifocal bituma abafotora bafata vuba ibihe by'inyamaswa mu gihe bagumana intera itekanye, bigatuma bashobora guhangana n'ibidukikije bigoye kandi bihora bihinduka mu gasozi.

1.Ibyiza by'ingenzi byalenzi ya varifocales zo kurasa inyamaswa zo mu gasozi

(1)Nta mpamvu yo guhinduranya amabara y'indorerwamo kenshi: Inyamaswa zo mu gasozi akenshi ntiziboneka, kandi ushobora kubura ifoto y'ingenzi niba uhinduye ukoresheje lens ifata amashusho. Gukoresha lens ifata amashusho bigufasha gukora ifoto vuba ukoresheje uburyo bwo guhindura uburebure bw'amashusho, nko guhindura ukoresheje icyerekezo cy'amashusho ujya kuri closure, utiriwe uhindura lens.

(2)Ishobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe ibikenewe bitandukanye byo kurasa: Ukoresheje lenzi ya varifocal, ushobora gukoresha impera ya telephoto (nka mm 200 no hejuru yayo) kugira ngo ufate amashusho y’inyamaswa ziri kure, cyangwa ukoreshe impera ya telephoto iri hagati (nka mm 70-100) kugira ngo ufate amashusho y’inyamaswa n’ibidukikije, werekana ibidukikije.

(3)Gabanya umutwaro w'ibikoresho: Ugereranije no gutwara lense nyinshi zihamye (nka 300mm, 400mm, 600mm), lense imwe ya telephoto varifocal (nka 200-600mm) ishobora gutwikira uburebure bwinshi bw'inyuma, ikagabanya uburemere bwifashishwa kandi ikaroshya gukurikirana no gufata amafoto kure mu gasozi.

(4)Gabanya ingorane zo kurasa: Mu gihe ufata amashusho y'inyamaswa mu gasozi, akenshi biba ngombwa kwihisha, bigatuma bigorana abafotora kwegera inyamaswa. Ishusho ya telephoto ya lenti ya varifocal ishobora gukoreshwa mu gufata amashusho uri kure, ukirinda guhungabanya inyamaswa, kugabanya ingorane zo gufata amashusho, ndetse no kurinda umutekano w'umuntu ku giti cye.

Ibyiza byo gukoresha indorerwamo za varifocal mu gufotora inyamaswa zo mu gasozi

2.Uburyo bwo guhitamolenzi ya varifocalikwiriye gufotora inyamaswa zo mu gasozi?

Amafoto y'inyamaswa zo mu gasozi afite ibisabwa byihariye kuriindorerwamo za varifocal; si ama-lenses yose ya varifocal akwiriye. Ibipimo bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho neza:

(1)Fuburebure bw'amaso

Uburebure bw'inyuma ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu guhitamo lenzi ya varifocal; uburebure burebure bw'inyuma muri rusange bufatwa nk'uburutaho mu gufotora inyamaswa zo mu gasozi. Abatangira akenshi bahitamo uburebure bwa 70-300mm cyangwa 100-400mm, bukwiriye gufotora inyamaswa nini zidatinya cyangwa ziri hafi, bigatuma habaho uburinganire hagati y'ifotora y'inyamaswa n'iy'ahantu nyaburanga.

Abafotora benshi b'inzobere bahitamo uburebure bwa focal nka 200-500mm cyangwa 150-600mm, bukwiriye gufatwa nk'inyamaswa nto cyangwa inyoni ziri kure. Amwe mu ma lens akoreshwa na teleconverters, akongera uburebure bwa focal bukagera kuri 800mm cyangwa 1200mm, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo gufata amashusho burushaho kuba bwiza.

(2)Umwobo

Ingano y'ahagaragara ni ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana mu gihe uhitamo lensi ya varifocal. Lensi zoroshye zo gusohora amashusho nka f/4.5-5.6 na f/5-6.3 zirahendutse kandi zirahendutse, bigatuma abantu benshi baba amahitamo meza. Ariko, zifite utudomo duto ku mpera ya telephoto, bisaba urumuri rwinshi.

Indorerwamo zihoraho zo gupfuka amashusho, nka f/2.8 na f/4, zitanga imikorere ikomeye ariko zirahenze kandi ziremereye. Indorerwamo nini yongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mucyo, bigatuma umuvuduko w'ifoto wihuta, ikarinda amashusho adasobanutse neza, kandi ikarema uburebure buto bw'aho umuntu anyura, ikagaragaza ikintu nk'inyamaswa.

Umwobo ni ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana mu gihe uhitamo lensi ya varifocal

(3)Gutuza ishusho no gukora neza kwa autofocus

TelefotoamajipoBikunze kugaragara nk'ibihumye bitewe no gutigita kwa kamera, bigatuma guhagarara kw'amashusho y'urumuri byubatswemo biba ingenzi! Bigufasha gukoresha umuvuduko muto wo gufunga iyo ufata amashusho akozwe mu ntoki kugira ngo ubone amafoto atyaye. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu yihuta kandi ituje yo kwibanda ku bintu bigenda ni ingenzi cyane mu gufata inyoni ziri mu kirere cyangwa mu nyamaswa ziruka.

(4)Uburemere n'uburyo bwo gutwara

Gufata amafoto yo hanze akenshi bisaba kugenda n'amaguru, kandi uburemere n'ingano ya lenti bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku myitozo ngororamubiri. Niba ukeneye gufata amafoto mu misozi miremire, ugomba gutekereza ku gishushanyo cyoroheje cya lenti cyangwa ugakoresha umubiri wa lenti ya fibre ya karuboni. Niba bibaye ngombwa, uzakenera kandi gukoresha tripode cyangwa monopode yoroheje.

Uburemere n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu nabyo ni ibintu byo kwitabwaho ku mboni z'indorerwamo

(5)Ubudahangarwa bw'ikirere n'ubwirinzi

Mu gihe cyo gufata amashusho mu gasozi, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ikirere bw’iyo lenzi nabwo bugomba kwitabwaho. Iyo lenzi ikoresha igishushanyo cy’imbere cya zoom (uburebure bw’iyo lenzi ntibuhinduka iyo ikora zoom) kugira ngo ifashe kugumana hagati y’uburemere bw’isi kandi igatanga uburinzi bwiza bw’umukungugu n’ubushuhe; imiterere yayo idashobora gutwarwa n’umukungugu n’amazi ishobora gukomeza kuba yizewe mu bidukikije bikomeye nko mu mashyamba y’inzitane n’ibyatsi.

Mu gusoza,indorerwamo za varifocal, bitewe n’uburyo bworoshye bwo gufotora, uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, no gutuma amashusho ahora ahindagurika, byabaye kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bikoreshwa mu gufotora inyamaswa zo mu gasozi.

Mu gufata amashusho, ubushobozi bwo gufotora amashusho bushobora gukoreshwa mu guhangana n’ibintu bitamenyerewe by’inyamaswa, hamwe n’ingaruka zo gukanda kw’inyuma ya telephoto kugira ngo hagaragazwe ikintu mu gihe habungabungwa inkuru ku bidukikije; hamwe no kwihuta cyane mu kwifotoza, ikoranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga amashusho, n’imiterere ikwiye, igipimo cy’intsinzi mu gufata amashusho y’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi gishobora kunozwa cyane.