1. Kodi sensa ya nthawi youluka (ToF) ndi chiyani?

Kodi kamera yoyendera nthawi yoyenda ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi kamera yomwe imajambula ndege ikuuluka? Kodi ili ndi chochita ndi ndege kapena ndege? Inde, ili kutali kwambiri!

ToF ndi muyeso wa nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti chinthu, tinthu ting'onoting'ono kapena mafunde ayende mtunda wautali. Kodi mukudziwa kuti dongosolo la sonar la mleme limagwira ntchito? Dongosolo la nthawi yowuluka ndi lofanana!

Pali mitundu yambiri ya masensa owonera nthawi youluka, koma ambiri ndi makamera owonera nthawi youluka ndi ma laser scanner, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotchedwa lidar (kuzindikira kuwala ndi kusinthasintha) kuti ayesere kuzama kwa malo osiyanasiyana pachithunzicho pochiwunikira ndi kuwala kwa infrared.

Deta yopangidwa ndi kujambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito masensa a ToF ndi yothandiza kwambiri chifukwa imatha kuzindikira anthu oyenda pansi, kutsimikizira ogwiritsa ntchito kutengera mawonekedwe a nkhope, kupanga mapu a chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms a SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping), ndi zina zambiri.

Dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maloboti, magalimoto odziyendetsa okha, komanso ngakhale pa foni yanu yam'manja. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito Huawei P30 Pro, Oppo RX17 Pro, LG G8 ThinQ, ndi zina zotero, foni yanu ili ndi kamera ya ToF!

Kamera ya ToF

2. Kodi sensa ya nthawi yowuluka imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Tsopano, tikufuna kupereka mwachidule chiyambi cha zomwe sensa yowonera nthawi youluka ilili komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito.

ToFMasensa amagwiritsa ntchito ma laser ang'onoang'ono kuti atulutse kuwala kwa infrared, komwe kuwala komwe kumabwera kumatuluka pa chinthu chilichonse ndikubwerera ku sensa. Kutengera kusiyana kwa nthawi pakati pa kutulutsa kwa kuwala ndi kubwerera ku sensa pambuyo poti chinthucho chawunikiridwa, sensa imatha kuyeza mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi sensa.

Lero, tifufuza njira ziwiri momwe ToF imagwiritsira ntchito nthawi yoyendera kuti idziwe mtunda ndi kuya: kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yoyendera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa mafunde osinthika a amplitude.

Gwiritsani ntchito ma pulses okhazikika

Mwachitsanzo, imagwira ntchito powunikira chandamale ndi laser, kenako kuyeza kuwala komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi scanner, kenako kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro la kuwala kuti iwerengere mtunda wa chinthucho kuti iwerengere bwino mtunda womwe wayenda. Kuphatikiza apo, kusiyana kwa nthawi yobwerera kwa laser ndi kutalika kwa mafunde kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mawonekedwe olondola a digito a 3D ndi mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa chandamale, ndikujambula mawonekedwe ake.

Monga mukuonera pamwambapa, kuwala kwa laser kumazimitsidwa kenako n’kubwerera ku chinthucho kupita ku sensa. Ndi nthawi yobwerera kwa laser, makamera a ToF amatha kuyeza mtunda wolondola munthawi yochepa chifukwa cha liwiro la kuyenda kwa kuwala. (ToF imasanduka mtunda) Iyi ndi njira yomwe katswiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuti afike pa mtunda weniweni wa chinthu:

(liwiro la kuwala x nthawi youluka) / 2

ToF imasandulika kukhala mtunda

Monga mukuonera, chowerengera nthawi chidzayamba pamene kuwala kwazimitsidwa, ndipo wolandirayo akalandira kuwala kobwerera, chowerengera nthawi chidzabwezera nthawiyo. Mukachotsa kawiri, "nthawi yowuluka" ya kuwala imapezeka, ndipo liwiro la kuwala limakhala losasintha, kotero mtunda ukhoza kuwerengedwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe ili pamwambapa. Mwanjira imeneyi, mfundo zonse pamwamba pa chinthucho zitha kudziwika.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusintha kwa gawo la mafunde a AM

Kenako,ToFAngagwiritsenso ntchito mafunde osalekeza kuti azindikire kusintha kwa gawo la kuwala komwe kumawonetsedwa kuti adziwe kuya ndi mtunda.

Kusintha kwa gawo pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a AM

Mwa kusintha ma amplitude, imapanga gwero la kuwala kwa sinusoidal lomwe lili ndi ma frequency odziwika bwino, zomwe zimathandiza chowunikira kudziwa kusintha kwa gawo la kuwala komwe kukuwonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatirayi:

kumene c ndi liwiro la kuwala (c = 3 × 10^8 m/s), λ ndi kutalika kwa nthawi (λ = 15 m), ndipo f ndi pafupipafupi, mfundo iliyonse pa sensa ikhoza kuwerengedwa mozama mosavuta.

Zonsezi zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri pamene tikugwira ntchito pa liwiro la kuwala. Kodi mungaganizire kulondola ndi liwiro lomwe masensa amatha kuyeza? Ndipatseni chitsanzo, kuwala kumayenda pa liwiro la makilomita 300,000 pa sekondi, ngati chinthu chili pa mtunda wa mamita 5 kuchokera kwa inu, kusiyana kwa nthawi pakati pa kuwala kochoka pa kamera ndi kubwerera kuli pafupifupi masekondi 33, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi masekondi 0.000000033 okha! Zodabwitsa! Ndipo deta yomwe yajambulidwa idzakupatsani chithunzi cholondola cha digito cha 3D cha pixel iliyonse pachithunzichi.

Mosasamala kanthu za mfundo yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupereka gwero lowunikira lomwe limawunikira malo onse kumathandiza sensa kudziwa kuzama kwa mfundo zonse. Zotsatirazi zimakupatsani mapu a mtunda pomwe pixel iliyonse imalemba mtunda kupita ku malo ofanana pamalowo. Chitsanzo cha graph ya ToF ndi ichi:

Chitsanzo cha graph ya ToF range

Tsopano popeza tadziwa kuti ToF imagwira ntchito, n’chifukwa chiyani ndi yabwino? N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito? N’chifukwa chiyani ndi yabwino? Musadandaule, pali ubwino wambiri wogwiritsa ntchito sensa ya ToF, koma ndithudi pali zoletsa zina.

3. Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito masensa owonera nthawi youluka

Muyeso wolondola komanso wachangu

Poyerekeza ndi masensa ena akutali monga ultrasound kapena lasers, masensa a nthawi yowuluka amatha kupanga chithunzi cha 3D cha malo owonekera mwachangu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kamera ya ToF ingathe kuchita izi kamodzi kokha. Sikuti zokhazo, sensa ya ToF imatha kuzindikira zinthu molondola nthawi yochepa ndipo sikhudzidwa ndi chinyezi, kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ndi panja.

mtunda wautali

Popeza masensa a ToF amagwiritsa ntchito ma laser, amathanso kuyeza mtunda wautali ndi mtunda molondola kwambiri. Masensa a ToF ndi osinthasintha chifukwa amatha kuzindikira zinthu zapafupi ndi kutali zamitundu yonse ndi makulidwe.

Komanso ndi yosinthasintha chifukwa mutha kusintha mawonekedwe a makina kuti agwire bwino ntchito, komwe mungasankhe mitundu ya transmitter ndi receiver ndi magalasi kuti mupeze mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.

Chitetezo

Ndikuda nkhawa kuti laser yochokera kuToFSensa ingakupwetekeni maso? musadandaule! Masensa ambiri a ToF tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito laser ya infrared yamphamvu yochepa ngati gwero la kuwala ndipo amaiyendetsa ndi ma pulses osinthidwa. Sensayi imakwaniritsa miyezo ya chitetezo cha laser ya Class 1 kuti iwonetsetse kuti ndi yotetezeka ku maso a munthu.

yotsika mtengo

Poyerekeza ndi ukadaulo wina wa 3D depth range scanning monga makina owunikira okonzedwa bwino kapena ma laser rangefinder, masensa a ToF ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi iwo.

Ngakhale kuti pali zoletsa zonsezi, ToF ikadali yodalirika kwambiri komanso njira yachangu kwambiri yojambulira zambiri za 3D.

4. Zoletsa za ToF

Ngakhale ToF ili ndi maubwino ambiri, ilinso ndi zoletsa. Zina mwa zoletsa za ToF ndi izi:

• Kuwala kobalalika

Ngati malo owala kwambiri ali pafupi kwambiri ndi sensa yanu ya ToF, amatha kufalitsa kuwala kochuluka mu receiver yanu ndikupanga zinthu zakale ndi zowunikira zosafunikira, chifukwa sensa yanu ya ToF imangofunika kuwonetsa kuwalako mukangomaliza kuyeza.

• Kuwunikira kambiri

Mukagwiritsa ntchito masensa a ToF pamakona ndi mawonekedwe opindika, amatha kuyambitsa kuwunikira kosafunikira, chifukwa kuwala kumatha kuphulika kangapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muyeso usinthe.

• Kuwala kozungulira

Kugwiritsa ntchito kamera ya ToF panja padzuwa lowala kwambiri kungapangitse kuti kugwiritsa ntchito panja kukhale kovuta. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumayambitsa ma pixel a sensa kudzaza mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira kuwala kwenikweni komwe kumawonekera kuchokera ku chinthucho.

• Mapeto

Zosensa za ToF ndiLenzi ya ToFingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuyambira pa 3D Mapping, Industrial Automation, Obstacle Detection, Odziyendetsa Magalimoto, Agriculture, Robotics, Indoor Navigation, Signture Recognition, Object Scanning, Measurements, Monitoring to Augmented Reality! Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa ToF sikutha.

Mutha kulumikizana nafe ngati mukufuna magalasi a ToF.

Chuang An Optoelectronics imayang'ana kwambiri magalasi owoneka bwino kuti apange mtundu wabwino kwambiri wowoneka bwino

Chuang An Optoelectronics tsopano yapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaMagalasi a TOFmonga:

CH3651A f3.6mm F1.2 1/2″ IR850nm

CH3651B f3.6mm F1.2 1/2″ IR940nm

CH3652A f3.3mm F1.1 1/3″ IR850nm

CH3652B f3.3mm F1.1 1/3″ IR940nm

CH3653A f3.9mm F1.1 1/3″ IR850nm

CH3653B f3.9mm F1.1 1/3″ IR940nm

CH3654A f5.0mm F1.1 1/3″ IR850nm

CH3654B f5.0mm F1.1 1/3″ IR940nm