Ko ngā inenga koiora he ine me ngā tātaitanga tinana e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te tangata. E whakamahia ana te manatoko koiora (te manatoko tūturu rānei) i roto i te pūtaiao rorohiko hei momo tautuhi me te whakahaere urunga. E whakamahia ana hoki hei tautuhi i ngā tāngata takitahi i roto i ngā rōpū e tirotirohia ana.

Ko ngā tohu ine koiora ngā āhuatanga motuhake, e taea te ine hei tohu me te whakaahua i ngā tāngata takitahi. He maha ngā wā ka whakarōpūtia ngā tohu ine koiora hei āhuatanga ā-tinana e pā ana ki te āhua o te tinana. Ko ētahi tauira ko te tapumati, ngā uaua nikau, te mōhio kanohi, te DNA, te tohu nikau, te āhua o te ringa, te mōhio karāhe, te retina, me te kakara/kakara.

Kei roto i te hangarau tautuhi koiora te pūtaiao rorohiko, te whatu me te oro me ētahi atu pūtaiao ā-tinana, ngā pūtaiao koiora, ngā mātāpono o ngā pūoko koiora me ngā tatauranga koiora, te hangarau haumarutanga, me te hangarau matauranga horihori me te maha atu o ngā pūtaiao taketake me ngā hangarau tono auaha. He otinga hangarau maha-mātauranga katoa.

I ngā tau tata nei, nā te whanaketanga o te matauranga horihori, kua pakari haere te hangarau tautuhi koiora. I tēnei wā, ko te hangarau tautuhi kanohi te mea tino pai rawa atu mō ngā koiora.

Te mōhio kanohi

Kei roto i te tukanga o te mōhio kanohi te kohikohi kanohi, te kimi kanohi, te tango āhuatanga kanohi me te mōhio taurite kanohi. Ka whakamahia e te tukanga mōhio kanohi ngā hangarau maha pēnei i te raupaparorohiko AdaBoos, te whatunga io convolutional me te mīhini tautoko vector i roto i te ako mīhini.

Te tukanga o te mōhio kanohi

I tēnei wā, kua tino pai ake ngā uauatanga o te mōhio kanohi tuku iho, tae atu ki te hurihanga kanohi, te ārai, te ōritetanga, me ētahi atu, ā, ka tino pai ake te tika o te mōhio kanohi. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga urutaunga hopu, te taumata haumarutanga raraunga me te aro ki te tūmataitinga o ia aratau, ā, mā te tāpiri i te ako hohonu o ngā raraunga nui ka taea e te pūnaha mōhio kanohi 3D te tāpiri i ngā hapa o te whakaata 2D, ka taea te tautuhi wawe i te tuakiri o te tangata, ā, kua puta he whanaketanga nui mō te whakamahinga o te mōhio kanohi rua-ahu.

I taua wā anō, kei te whakamahia te hangarau kimi koiora hei hangarau matua hei whakapai ake i te haumarutanga o te mohio kanohi, ka taea te ātete i ngā tinihanga rūpahu pēnei i ngā whakaahua, ngā ataata, ngā tauira 3D, me ngā kopare hangai, ā, ka taea hoki te whakatau takitahi i te tuakiri o ngā kaiwhakamahi whakahaere. I tēnei wā, me te tere o te whanaketanga o te hangarau mohio kanohi, he maha ngā tono auaha pēnei i ngā taputapu atamai, te pūtea ipurangi, me te utu kanohi kua piki haere te rongonui, e kawe mai ana i te tere me te ngāwari ki te oranga me te mahi a te katoa.

Te mōhio ki te tohu nikau

Ko te mōhio ki te tohu nikau he momo hangarau mōhio koiora hou, e whakamahi ana i te tohu nikau o te tinana tangata hei āhuatanga ūnga, ā, ka kohia ngā mōhiohio koiora mā te hangarau whakaahua maha-aronga. Ka taea te kī ko te mōhio ki te tohu nikau maha-aronga he tauira hangarau mōhio koiora e whakakotahi ana i te maha o ngā momo me ngā āhuatanga ūnga maha. Ka whakakotahi tēnei hangarau hou i ngā āhuatanga e toru e taea te tautuhi, arā, te tohu kiri, te tohu nikau me ngā uaua uaua, kia nui ake ai ngā mōhiohio i te wā kotahi, kia nui ake ai te wehewehe i ngā āhuatanga ūnga.

I tēnei tau, kua tīmata te whakamātautau i te hangarau mōhio nikau a Amazon, ko Orville te ingoa huna. Ka whiwhi tuatahi te matawai i tētahi huinga whakaahua taketake kua whakapōreareatia te kanohi, e aro ana ki ngā āhuatanga o waho o te nikau, pērā i ngā rārangi me ngā kopa; ina whiwhi anō i te huinga tuarua o ngā whakaahua kua whakapōreareatia, ka aro ki te hanganga o te nikau me ngā āhuatanga o roto, pērā i ngā uaua, ngā wheua, ngā kiko ngohengohe, me ētahi atu. Ka tukatukahia tuatahitia ngā whakaahua mata hei whakarato i tētahi huinga whakaahua kei roto ngā ringaringa. He mārama pai ēnei whakaahua, he arotahi, ā, e whakaatu ana i te nikau i tētahi aronga motuhake, i tētahi tūnga motuhake, ā, kua tohua ko te ringa maui, ko te ringa matau rānei.

I tēnei wā, ka taea e te hangarau mōhio ki ngā tapuwae o Amazon te manatoko i te tuakiri o te tangata me te whakaoti i te utu i roto i te 300 mirihekona noa iho, ā, kāore e hiahiatia kia pa atu ngā ringa o ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te taputapu matawai, engari me ruru noa, me te matawai me te kore e pā atu. Ko te auau rahunga o tēnei hangarau he tata ki te 0.0001%. I taua wā anō, he manatoko rua te mōhio ki ngā tapuwae i te wāhanga tuatahi – ko te wā tuatahi hei whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga o waho, ā, ko te wā tuarua hei whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga o roto o te whakahaere. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu hangarau koiora, kua pai ake te haumarutanga.

Haunga ngā āhuatanga koiora o runga ake nei, kei te rongonui haere hoki te hangarau mōhio ā-iri. Ko te tere mōhio teka o te mōhio ā-iri he iti iho i te 1/1000000. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia e ia ngā āhuatanga o te kore e rerekē te ora o te ā-iri hei tautuhi i ngā tuakiri.

I tēnei wā, ko te whakaaro whānui i roto i te umanga he arai kei roto i te mahi me te haumarutanga o te mohiotanga o te momo kotahi, ā, he mea nui te whakakotahitanga maha-momo i roto i te mohiotanga kanohi me te mohiotanga koiora - ehara i te mea mā te maha-āhuatanga anake. Ko te huarahi ki te whakapai ake i te tika o te mohiotanga ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te urutau o te tirohanga me te haumarutanga tūmataiti o te hangarau koiora ki tētahi taumata. Ki te whakatauritea ki te rauropi aratau-kotahi tuku iho, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki pai ake i te reiti mohiotanga teka taumata pūtea (he iti iho i te kotahi i roto i te tekau miriona), koinei hoki te ia matua o te whanaketanga o te tautuhi koiora.

Pūnaha koiora maha-ara

Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha koiora maha-ararau ngā pūoko maha, ngā koiora rānei hei wikitoria i ngā herenga o ngā pūnaha koiora kotahi-ararau. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakararu i ngā pūnaha mōhio ki te kanohi nā te tawhito o ngā kanohi, ā, ka taea te whakararu i te mōhio ki ngā tapumati hiko nā te tawhito, te tapahi rānei o ngā tapumati. Ahakoa he iti noa ngā pūnaha koiora kotahi-ararau nā te pono o tā rātou tohu, kāore pea he maha ngā pūnaha kotahi-ararau ka pāngia e ngā herenga ōrite. Ka taea e ngā pūnaha koiora maha-ararau te tiki huinga mōhiohio mai i te tohu kotahi (arā, he maha ngā whakaahua o te kanohi, he matawai rānei o te maihao kotahi) he mōhiohio rānei mai i ngā koiora rerekē (me whakamahi matawai tapumati, ā, mā te whakamahi i te mōhio reo, he kupuhipa kōrero).

Ka taea e ngā pūnaha koiora maha-ara te whakakotahi i ēnei pūnaha kotahi-ara i te raupapatanga, i te wā kotahi, i te whakakotahitanga o ēnei, i te raupapatanga rānei, e pā ana ki ngā aratau whakauru raupapatanga, whakarara, hierarchical me te raupapa.

CHANCCTVkua whakawhanakehia he raupapa ongā arotahi koioramō te mōhio kanohi, te mōhio tapuwae ringa me te tautuhi tapumati me te tautuhi ā-iris. Hei tauira, he karāhe iti te whakapōturitanga 4k a CH3659A i hangaia mō ngā pūoko 1/1.8 inihi. He karāhe katoa ōna, ā, he hoahoa kiato me te 11.95mm TTL anake. Ka hopukina e ia te tirohanga whakapae 44 nekehanga. He pai rawa atu tēnei karāhe mō te mōhio tapuwae ringa.