Yintoni iglasi ye-optical?

Iglasi ebonakalayoluhlobo oluthile lweglasi oluyilwe ngokukodwa kwaye lwenziwe ngokukodwa ukuze lusetyenziswe kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ze-optical. Ineempawu kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo ezenza ukuba ifaneleke ukuphathwa nokulawulwa kokukhanya, okuvumela ukwakheka kunye nohlalutyo lwemifanekiso esemgangathweni ophezulu.

Ulwakhiwo:

Iglasi ebonakalayo yenziwe ngokukodwa nge-silica (SiO2)₂) njengeyona nto iphambili eyenza iglasi, kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, ezifana ne-boron, i-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium, kunye ne-lead. Indibaniselwano ethile kunye noxinzelelo lwale nxalenye lumisela iimpawu zokukhanya kunye nezoomatshini zeglasi.

Iimpawu zokukhanya:

1. Isalathiso sokuKhangela:Iglasi ekhanyayo inesalathisi sokujika esilawulwa kakuhle nesilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo. Isalathisi sokujika sichaza indlela ukukhanya okugoba okanye okutshintsha ngayo icala njengoko kudlula kwiglasi, nto leyo echaphazela iimpawu zokujika zeelensi, iiprism, kunye nezinye izinto zokujika.

2. Ukusasazeka:Ukusasazeka kubhekisa ekwahlulweni kokukhanya kwimibala okanye ubude be-wavelength njengoko kudlula kwizinto. Iglasi ye-optical inokwakhiwa ukuze ibe neempawu ezithile zokusasazeka, okuvumela ukulungiswa kokuphazamiseka kwe-chromatic kwiinkqubo ze-optical.

3. Ukudluliselwa:Iglasi ebonakalayoYenzelwe ukuba ibe nokubonakala okuphezulu, okuvumela ukukhanya kudlule ngaphandle kokufunxa kakhulu. Iglasi yenzelwe ukuba ibe namanqanaba aphantsi okungcola kunye nombala ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okugqwesileyo kuluhlu lwamaza olufunekayo.

Iglasi ebonakalayo luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweglasi

Iipropati zoomatshini:

1. Ukulingana kokukhanya:Iglasi ye-optical yenziwe ukuze ibe nokulingana okuphezulu kwe-optical, oko kuthetha ukuba ineempawu ezifanayo ze-optical kuyo yonke ivolumu yayo. Oku kubalulekile ekugcineni umgangatho womfanekiso kunye nokuphepha ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa kukutshintsha kwe-refractive index kuyo yonke into.

2. Uzinzo lweThermal:Iglasi ebonakalayo ibonisa uzinzo oluhle lobushushu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ikwazi ukumelana notshintsho kubushushu ngaphandle kokwanda okanye ukucutheka okukhulu. Oku kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kokukhanya kweelensi kunye nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo.

3. Amandla oomatshini:Ukusukela okoiglasi ebonakalayoisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkqubo ze-optical ezichanekileyo, kufuneka ibe namandla aneleyo oomatshini ukuze imelane nokuphathwa kunye noxinzelelo lokufakelwa ngaphandle kokuguquka okanye ukwaphuka. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisa, ezifana neenkqubo zeekhemikhali okanye zobushushu, zingasetyenziswa ukuphucula iimpawu zayo zoomatshini.

Iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kweglasi ye-optical

Nazi ezinye iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kweglasi ye-optical:

Fukutya:

1. Ukungafihlisi:Iglasi ebonakalayo ikhanya kakhulu ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo nakwezinye iiwavelength zemitha ye-electromagnetic. Le mpawu iyivumela ukuba idlulise ukukhanya ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okanye ukusasazeka okukhulu.

2. Isalathiso sokuKhangela:Iglasi yokukhanya inokwenziwa ngee-indices ezithile zokurhawuzelela. Le mpawu ivumela ulawulo kunye nokuguqulwa kwemitha yokukhanya, nto leyo eyenza ifaneleke kwiilensi, iiprism, kunye nezinye izinto zokukhanya.

Iimpawu zeglasi ye-optical

3. Inombolo ka-Abbe:Inombolo ye-Abbe ilinganisa ukusasazeka kwezinto, ibonisa indlela amaza okukhanya ahlukeneyo asasazeka ngayo xa kudlula kuyo. Iglasi ye-optical inokulungiswa ukuba ibe namanani athile e-Abbe, okuvumela ukulungiswa okusebenzayo kokuphazamiseka kwe-chromatic kwiilensi.

4. Ulwandiso oluphantsi lobushushu:Iglasi ye-Optical ine-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kobushushu, oko kuthetha ukuba ayikhuli okanye ayinciphisi kakhulu xa kutshintsha ubushushu. Le mpawu iqinisekisa uzinzo kwaye ithintela ukugqwetheka kwiinkqubo ze-optical.

5. Uzinzo lweeKhemikhali kunye nooMatshini:Iglasi ekhanyayo izinzile ngokweekhemikhali nangokweemishini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba imelane neemeko ezingqongileyo ezifana nokufuma, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, kunye noxinzelelo lomzimba. Olu qina luqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezikhanyayo zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zisebenza kakuhle.

Izicelo:

Iglasi ebonakalayo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-optical kunye nezixhobo, kuquka:

1.Iilensi zekhamera:Iglasi ebonakalayolicandelo eliphambili ekwakhiweni kweelensi zekhamera, okuvumela ukugxila ngokuchanekileyo, isisombululo somfanekiso, kunye nokuchaneka kombala.

2.Iimayikroskopu kunye neeteleskopu:Iglasi ebonakalayo isetyenziselwa ukwenza iilensi, izibuko, iiprism, kunye nezinye izinto kwiimakroskopu kunye neeteleskopu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izinto zibonakale zinkulu kwaye zibonakale ngokucacileyo.

3.Ubuchwepheshe beLaser:Iglasi ebonakalayo isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iikristale zelaser kunye neelensi, okuvumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwelaser beam, ukwakheka kwebeam, kunye nokwahlukana kwebeam.

Iglasi ye-optical isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iikristale ze-laser

4.Iifayibha zokukhanya: Iifayibha zeglasi ezibonakalayo zisetyenziselwa ukudlulisa idatha yedijithali kumgama omde ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo evumela unxibelelwano, uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi, kunye nokudluliselwa kwedatha kumashishini ahlukeneyo.

5.Izihluzi ezibonakalayo: Iglasi ebonakalayo isetyenziselwa ukwenza izihluzi zezicelo ezifana nokufota, i-spectrophotometry, kunye nokulungiswa kombala.

6.Izixhobo ze-Optoelectronics: Iiglasi ezibonakalayoI-s isetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwee-optical sensors, ii-displays, ii-photovoltaic cells, kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-optoelectronic.

Le yimizekelo embalwa nje yoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kunye neempawu zeglasi ekhanyayo. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zenza ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zoshishino lweglasi ekhanyayo.