一, Iskimu esasetyenziswa rhoqo sokwahlulwa kwe-infrared

Esinye isicwangciso sokwahlulwahlulwa kwemitha ye-infrared (IR) esisetyenziswa kakhulu sisekelwe kuluhlu lwamaza ombane. I-spectrum ye-IR yahlulwe ngokubanzi ibe zezi ndawo zilandelayo:

I-Near-infrared (NIR):Le ndawo isusela kwiinanometers ezingama-700 (nm) ukuya kwi-1.4 micrometers (μm) kubude be-wavelength. Imitha ye-NIR idla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-remote sensing, kwi-fiber optic telecommunication ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okuncinci kwe-attenuation kwi-SiO2 glass (silica) medium. I-Image intensifiers ivakalelwa yile ndawo ye-spectrum; imizekelo ibandakanya izixhobo zokubona ebusuku ezifana neeglasi zokubona ebusuku. I-Near-infrared spectroscopy yenye indlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenzisa.

I-infrared yobude obufutshane (i-SWIR):Ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-"shortwave infrared" okanye "SWIR" region, isuka kwi-1.4 μm ukuya kwi-3 μm. I-SWIR radiation isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimifanekiso, ukujonga, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-spectroscopy.

I-infrared yobude obuphakathi (MWIR):Ummandla we-MWIR ususela malunga ne-3 μm ukuya kwi-8 μm. Olu luhlu lusetyenziswa rhoqo kwimifanekiso yobushushu, ekujoliswe kuyo emkhosini, nakwiinkqubo zokufumanisa igesi.

I-infrared enobude obude (LWIR):Ummandla we-LWIR ugubungela ubude bamaza ukusuka kwi-8 μm ukuya kwi-15 μm. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimifanekiso yobushushu, kwiinkqubo zokubona ebusuku, kunye nokulinganisa ubushushu obungahambelaniyo.

I-infrared ekude (i-FIR):Le ndawo isusela kwi-15 μm ukuya kwi-1 millimeter (mm) ubude be-wavelength. Imitha ye-FIR idla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-astronomy, kwi-remote sensing, nakwimisebenzi ethile yezonyango.

Umzobo wobubanzi bamaza

I-NIR kunye ne-SWIR xa zidibene ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi-"reflected infrared", ngelixa i-MWIR kunye ne-LWIR ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi-"thermal infrared".

二、Usetyenziso lwe-infrared

Umbono wasebusuku

I-infrared (IR) idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo zokubona ebusuku, nto leyo evumela ukufunyanwa nokubonwa kwezinto kwiindawo ezikhanyayo okanye ezimnyama. Izixhobo zokubona ebusuku ezisebenzisa imifanekiso yendabuko, ezifana neeglasi zokubona ebusuku okanye ii-monoculars, zikhulisa ukukhanya okukhoyo, kuquka nayiphi na imitha ye-IR ekhoyo. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa i-photocathode ukuguqula ii-photon ezingenayo, kuquka ii-photon ze-IR, zibe zii-electron. Emva koko ii-electron ziyakhawuleziswa kwaye zikhuliswe ukuze zenze umfanekiso obonakalayo. Izikhanyiso ze-infrared, ezikhupha ukukhanya kwe-IR, zihlala zidityaniswa kwezi zixhobo ukuphucula ukubonakala ebumnyameni okanye kwiimeko ezikhanyayo apho imitha ye-IR ejikelezayo ingonelanga.

Indawo enokukhanya okuphantsi

I-Thermography

Imitha ye-infrared ingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubushushu bezinto kude (ukuba i-emissivity iyaziwa). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-thermography, okanye kwimeko yezinto ezishushu kakhulu kwi-NIR okanye ezibonakalayo kuthiwa yi-pyrometry. I-Thermography (i-thermal imaging) isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zomkhosi nakwimizi-mveliso kodwa obu buchwephesha bufikelela kwimarike kawonke-wonke ngendlela yeekhamera ze-infrared ezimotweni ngenxa yeendleko zemveliso ezinciphileyo kakhulu.

Usetyenziso lwemifanekiso yobushushu

Imitha ye-infrared ingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubushushu bezinto kude (ukuba i-emissivity iyaziwa). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-thermography, okanye kwimeko yezinto ezishushu kakhulu kwi-NIR okanye ezibonakalayo kuthiwa yi-pyrometry. I-Thermography (i-thermal imaging) isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zomkhosi nakwimizi-mveliso kodwa obu buchwephesha bufikelela kwimarike kawonke-wonke ngendlela yeekhamera ze-infrared ezimotweni ngenxa yeendleko zemveliso ezinciphileyo kakhulu.

Iikhamera zeThermographic zibona imitha kwi-infrared range ye-electromagnetic spectrum (malunga ne-9,000–14,000 nanometers okanye i-9–14 μm) kwaye zenze imifanekiso yaloo mitha. Ekubeni imitha ye-infrared ikhutshwa zizinto zonke ngokusekelwe kubushushu bazo, ngokomthetho wemitha ye-black-body, i-thermography yenza kube nokwenzeka "ukubona" ​​indawo okuyo umntu enokukhanya okubonakalayo okanye ngaphandle kokukhanya okubonakalayo. Ubungakanani bemitha ekhutshwa yinto buyanda ngobushushu, ngoko ke i-thermography ivumela umntu ukuba abone utshintsho kubushushu.

Umfanekiso weHyperspectral

Umfanekiso we-hyperspectral "ngumfanekiso" oqulathe i-spectrum eqhubekayo kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-spectral kwi-pixel nganye. I-Hyperspectral imaging iyanda ukubaluleka kwicandelo le-spectroscopy esetyenzisiweyo ngakumbi kwiindawo ze-spectral ze-NIR, SWIR, MWIR, kunye ne-LWIR. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukulinganisa kwezinto eziphilayo, eze-mineralogical, ezokhuselo, kunye nezemizi-mveliso.

Umfanekiso we-hyperspectral

Umfanekiso we-infrared hyperspectral osebenzisa i-thermal infrared unokwenziwa ngendlela efanayo kusetyenziswa ikhamera ye-thermographic, umahluko omkhulu kukuba i-pixel nganye ine-spectrum epheleleyo ye-LWIR. Ngenxa yoko, ukuchonga ikhemikhali yento kunokwenziwa ngaphandle kwesidingo somthombo wokukhanya wangaphandle njengeLanga okanye iNyanga. Ezi khamera zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-geological, ukujonga ngaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-UAV.

Ukufudumeza

Imitha ye-infrared (IR) ingasetyenziswa njengomthombo wokufudumeza ngabom kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba imitha ye-IR ikwazi ukuhambisa ubushushu ngqo kwizinto okanye kwiindawo ngaphandle kokufudumeza umoya ojikelezileyo. Imitha ye-infrared (IR) ingasetyenziswa njengomthombo wokufudumeza ngabom kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba imitha ye-IR ikwazi ukuhambisa ubushushu ngqo kwizinto okanye kwiindawo ngaphandle kokufudumeza umoya ojikelezileyo.

Umthombo wokufudumeza

Imitha ye-infrared isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza kwimizi-mveliso. Umzekelo, kwimveliso, izibane ze-IR okanye iiphaneli zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza izinto, ezifana neeplastiki, iintsimbi, okanye iipeyinti, ukuze zinyangeke, zomise, okanye zenze. Imitha ye-IR ingalawulwa kwaye iqondiswe ngokuchanekileyo, okuvumela ukufudumeza okusebenzayo nokukhawulezayo kwiindawo ezithile.