Kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwechiedza chemaziso kwakabatsira mishonga yemazuva ano nesainzi yehupenyu kupinda padanho rekukura nekukurumidza, zvakaita sekuvhiyiwa kusingapindi zvakanyanya, kurapwa nelaser, kuongororwa kwezvirwere, tsvakiridzo yezvebhayoloji, kuongorora DNA, nezvimwewo.

Kuvhiya uye Pharmacokinetics

Basa re optics mukuvhiya uye pharmacokinetics rinonyanya kuratidzwa muzvikamu zviviri: laser uye in vivo illumination uye imaging.

1. Kushandiswa kwelaser senzvimbo yesimba

Pfungwa yekurapa nelaser yakatangwa mukuvhiyiwa kwemaziso muma1960. Apo mhando dzakasiyana dzemalaser nemaitiro adzo zvakazivikanwa, kurapwa nelaser kwakakurumidza kuwedzerwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Matsime akasiyana echiedza chelaser (gasi, solid, nezvimwewo) anogona kuburitsa ma pulsed lasers (Pulsed Lasers) uye ma continuous lasers (Continuous wave), ane mhedzisiro yakasiyana pamatishu akasiyana emuviri wemunhu. Matsime aya echiedza anosanganisira: pulsed ruby ​​​​laser (Pulsed ruby ​​​​laser); continuous argon ion laser (CW argon ion laser); continuous carbon dioxide laser (CW CO2); yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Nekuti continuous carbon dioxide laser uye yttrium aluminium garnet laser zvine simba rekuonda kweropa pakucheka matishu emunhu, zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukuvhiyiwa kwakajairika.

Kureba kwema laser anoshandiswa mukurapa kunowanzova kwakakura kupfuura 100 nm. Kubatwa kwema laser emhando dzakasiyana dze wavelength munyama dzakasiyana dzemuviri wemunhu kunoshandiswa kuwedzera mashandisirwo ayo ekurapa. Semuenzaniso, kana kureba kwema laser kwakakura kupfuura 1um, mvura ndiyo inonyanya kunyudza. Ma laser haangogumiri pakuita kuti muviri unzwe kupisa mukunyudzwa kwenyama yemunhu pakucheka nekusunga, asiwo anogadzira mhedzisiro yemakanika.

Kunyanya mushure mekunge vanhu vaona mhedzisiro yemagetsi isina kurongeka yema lasers, senge kugadzirwa kwemabubbles e cavitation uye mafungu ekumanikidza, ma lasers akashandiswa kune nzira dze photodisruption, dzakadai sekuvhiyiwa kwe cataract uye kuvhiyiwa kwemakemikari e kidney stone. Ma lasers anogona zvakare kugadzira mhedzisiro ye photochemical kutungamira mishonga yegomarara ne photosensitizers kuti iburitse mhedzisiro yemishonga panzvimbo dzakati dzenyama, senge PDT therapy. Laser yakasanganiswa ne pharmacokinetics inoita basa rakakosha mumunda wekurapa kwakanyatsojeka.

2. Kushandiswa kwechiedza sechishandiso chekuvhenekesa uye kufungidzira zviri mukati memuviri

Kubva kuma1990, CCD (Charge-Coupled)Kamera yemuchina) yakaunzwa mukuvhiyiwa kushoma (Minimally Invasive Therapy, MIT), uye optics yakava nekuchinja kwemhando yepamusoro mukuvhiyiwa. Mhedzisiro yemifananidzo yechiedza mukuvhiyiwa kushoma uye kwakavhurika inonyanya kusanganisira endoscopes, micro-imaging systems, uye surgical holographic imaging.

KuchinjikaEndoscope, kusanganisira gastroenteroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, angioscope, nezvimwewo.

Nzira ye optical ye endoscope

Nzira yekuona ye endoscope inosanganisira masisitimu maviri akazvimiririra uye akarongeka ekujekesa nekufungidzira.

YakasimbaEndoscope, kusanganisira arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, ventriculoscopy, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, otolinoscopy, nezvimwewo.

Ma endoscopes akasimba anowanzova nemakona akati wandei ekuona akasarudzika ekusarudza kubva, akadai semadhigirii makumi matatu, madhigirii makumi mana nemashanu, madhigirii makumi matanhatu, nezvimwewo.

Kamera kadiki kemuviri mudziyo wekutora mifananidzo wakavakirwa papuratifomu diki yeCMOS neCCD tekinoroji. Semuenzaniso, capsule endoscope,PillCam. Inogona kupinda mudumbu remunhu kuti iongorore maronda uye iongorore mhedzisiro yemishonga.

Endoscope ye capsule

Maikorosikopu yekuvhiya inonzi holographic microscope, chishandiso chekufungidzira chinoshandiswa kuona mifananidzo ye3D yenyama diki mukuvhiya kwakanyatsogadzirwa, senge neurosurgery yecraniotomy.

Maikorosikopu yekuvhiya yeholographic

Pfupiso:

1. Nekuda kwekupisa, mashandiro emuchina, simba rekuona chiedza uye zvimwe zvinokonzerwa ne laser, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sesimba mukuvhiya kusingapindi zvakanyanya, kurapwa kusingapindi zvakanyanya uye kurapwa nemishonga kwakanangana.

2. Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemifananidzo, michina yekurapa yekuona yafambira mberi zvikuru mukuita kuti ikwanise kupenya zvakanyanya uye kuita kuti ishande zvishoma, zvichiisa hwaro hwekuvhiya kusingakuvadzi zvakanyanya uye kwakanyatsojeka mumuviri. Parizvino, michina yekurapa yekuona mifananidzo inonyanya kushandiswa inosanganisiramaendoskopu, mifananidzo yeholographic uye masisitimu emifananidzo midiki.