Uko byagenda koselentileIgishushanyo mbonera, intego ni ukwerekana ishusho itunganye kuri sensor ya kamera. Guha kamera umufotozi bishobora guteza urumuri rutashoboraga guteganya, kandi ingaruka zishobora kuba urumuri rw'amabara y'indorerwamo. Ariko, hakoreshejwe amayeri make, urumuri rw'amabara y'indorerwamo rushobora kwirindwa cyangwa ndetse no kwitabwaho.
1. Kugaragara kw'indorerwamo z'amabara y'ijisho ni iki?
Umucyo w'indorerwamo ni ingaruka z'izuba zishobora kwigaragaza mu buryo butandukanye. Isura isanzwe ni uruziga rw'amabara menshi, rusubiramo ruca ishusho. Ubundi buryo, urumuri rw'indorerwamo rushobora gukora ahantu hatandukanye mu buryo butunguranye n'amabara yakuwe mu ishusho.
Ubwoko bwombi bw'urumuri rw'indorerwamo bukunze kugaragara cyane mu mabara yijimye y'ishusho. Ariko, ubwoko bw'urumuri rw'indorerwamo ubona buterwa n'imiterere y'indorerwamo, ndetse n'ingano, urumuri, n'inguni y'urumuri ugereranyije n'indorerwamo ya kamera.
Umucyo w'indorerwamo z'amabara y'ijisho ni iki?
2. Ni iki gitera gushya kw'indorerwamo z'amabara y'ijisho?
Umucyo w'indorerwamo uterwa n'urumuri. Ibi bishobora kumvikana nk'ibigaragara (nta rumuri = nta foto), ariko kwiga gusobanura urumuri ni intambwe ya mbere yo gusobanukirwa igihe urumuri rw'indorerwamo rubera.
Ubusanzwe, urumuri rw'indorerwamo rubaho iyo werekeza kamera yawe mu cyerekezo cy'izuba ryijimye. Nubwo izuba ubwaryo ritari muri lens, amahirwe yo kugaragara kw'indorerwamo y'indorerwamo ahora ahari, kuko urumuri rukubita imbere ya lens uturutse ku ruhande ruzakomeza kwinjira muri lens. Uko ugaragaza urumuri rwinshi kuri kamera yawe, niko amahirwe yo kugaragara kw'indorerwamo y'indorerwamo yiyongereye. Ariko, imiterere y'urumuri ishobora gutandukana—cyane cyane iyo izuba riri muri lens.
3. Ubwoko bw'urumuri rw'indorerwamo
BimweamajipoGufata urumuri neza cyane kurusha izindi. Muri rusange, lenzi zoom zikunze kwibasirwa n'urumuri rw'indorerwamo kurusha lenzi za prime bitewe n'imiterere yazo igoye cyane.
Ariko urumuri rw'amatara ntirubaho gusa iyo izuba rikoreshejwe nk'urumuri. Mu by'ukuri, amahirwe yo kugaragara kw'amatara ni menshi cyane ku bafotora ba studio. Uko ukoresha amatara menshi, niko amahirwe y'uko rimwe cyangwa menshi muri yo ashobora gutera urumuri rw'amatara—kandi abafotora ba studio bakunda kongeramo andi matara!
Ubwoko bw'urumuri rw'indorerwamo z'amabara
Umucyo w'amatara ushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ibanze. Nubwo ushobora kugira andi mazina, tuwita ghosting na halos.
①Gutanga ihumure
Ghosting ni ubwoko busanzwe bwa lens flare, bugaragara nk'utudomo tw'amabara menshi, dusubiramo uruziga cyangwa dufite ishusho ku ishusho. Ariko se wigeze wibaza aho izi shusho zikomoka? Ghosting ni imiterere y'umwobo w'ikirahure.
Iyo umwobo w'ikirahure cyawe ufunguye cyane, utu duce tugaragara nk'aho ari tunini kandi tuzengurutse, ariko iyo uhagaritse ikirahure, kiba gito kandi kikagira imiterere ya poligonali. Ingano nyayo n'imiterere bigenwa n'amababi y'uburyo ikirahure cy'ikirahure. Ku bijyanye no gusiga amabara menshi, ibi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ikirahure gikoreshwa n'uburyo buri kintu cy'ikirahure gishyirwa kuri buri kintu cy'ikirahure.
②Halo
Halo ni ingaruka igaragara cyane rimwe na rimwe ntimenyekane kuko ari umusaruro walentileurumuri rugaragara. Biroroshye kubibona iyo ushyize urumuri rwinshi iruhande rw'inyuma yijimye, aho urumuri rwinjira mu mwijima. Ibi biterwa no gukwirakwira k'urumuri uko runyura muri lens. Iyo bikozwe neza, ingaruka zishobora kuba nziza cyane.
Tuvuze ku gushimisha lens, gerageza guhagarika umwobo wa lens yawe ku gaciro kayo gato gashoboka (umubare munini wa F) hanyuma wongereho urumuri ruto rw'ahantu hagaragara (lens ifite inguni nini n'izuba ni uruvange rwiza). Ibisubizo ni ukugaragara kw'urumuri rw'inyenyeri—nta mashini zindi zikenewe!
Umucyo w'indorerwamo z'amabara y'ijisho ushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ibanze
4.Uburyo ubwoko bw'indorerwamo bugira ingaruka ku gushyuha kw'indorerwamo
Yego, ni ibintu bisanzwe, ariko ukuri kutazigera kwirindwa ku bijyanye n'amatara ni uko ubona icyo wishyuye, harimo n'uburyo lens ifata neza amatara. Nta lens idashobora kurwara amatara, ariko lens nziza ikoresha ikirahuri cyiza n'amabara meza, ibyo bikaba bigabanya cyane amatara yo imbere. Ibyo bivuzwe, ndetse n'amatara yo mu gihe cya none ahendutse azaba afite imiterere myiza yo gufata amatara ugereranije n'amatara yo mu gihe cya mbere y'ikoranabuhanga.
①Icyibandwaho gihamyeamatara yo kureba noingirabuzimafatizoamajipo
Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, lenses zifata amashusho zikora urumuri ruto cyane. Uburebure bwazo bumwe bw'ikirahure busobanura imiterere y'ikirahure cyoroshye imbere gifite ibice bike, bigatuma habaho ibyago bike byo gukwirakwira k'urumuri. Lenses za Varifocal zifite ibice bigenda, uburebure bushobora guhindurwa, na (kuri zimwe na zimwe) hari aho zihinduka bitewe no gukurura amashusho, bigatuma bigorana kugabanya urumuri.
②Fuburebure bw'amaso
Uburebure bw'inyuma nabwo ni ingenzi. Biroroshye kubona urumuri ukoreshejelenzi ifite inguni nini, ariko urumuri rushobora kuba ruri ku rugero ruto. Ubunini bw'aho rugaragarira n'igice cy'imbere cy'uruziga bituma bishoboka cyane ko wafata urumuri ku buryo butunguranye. Ku rundi ruhande, lensi ya telephoto ntabwo igira ibyago byinshi byo kugurumana, ariko iyo bibaye, ikunda kuzuza ishusho yose.
Ku bijyanye n'ama-lenses, nta kintu kitwa lense nziza, ariko hari ibyo wakora kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka zayo.
Uburyo ubwoko bw'indorerwamo bugira ingaruka ku gushyuha kw'indorerwamo
③Licyuma cyo mu nzu
Buri lenzi igomba kuza ifite agapfundikizo k'indorerwamo, ariko ikibabaje ni uko atari ko bimeze. Ku bw'amahirwe, ushobora kugura utupfundikizo tw'indorerwamo, ariko witondere kugaragara neza iyo ufata amashusho mu mfuruka nini. Niba uri umufotozi uhindura agapfundikizo k'indorerwamo yawe hejuru iyo uyibika hanyuma ukayishyira inyuma iyo ufata amashusho… hagarara! Agapfundikizo k'indorerwamo ni cyo gikoresho cyiza ushobora gukoresha kugira ngo uhagarike urumuri rw'indorerwamo rudasohoka, rubuza urumuri rwinjira muri lenzi ruturutse ku mpande.
Niba urumuri rwawe ruri ku murongo ugororotse, ushobora kurufunga mu bundi buryo. Mu zuba, ushobora kuzamura ukuboko kwawe kugira ngo ukore igicucu, cyangwa ugashaka ikintu kimeze nk'ishami ry'igiti kugira ngo ukore igicucu. Muri studio, amabendera n'imirongo bishobora gukoreshwa mu kuziba urumuri.
④Gusukura lenti
Tekereza kuri ibi: ni ryari uheruka gusuzuma ibice by'imbere n'inyuma bya lens yawe? Ivumbi, amavuta, n'imikurire bihora bivuze ko lens yawe irushaho gushya. Ese koko ukeneye akayunguruzo imbere ya lens yawe? Niba ari byo, ese ifite agapfundikizo karwanya urumuri? Akayunguruzo gahendutse gashobora kongera gushya muri lens.
Amaherezo, tekereza ku byo urumuri rutanga. Iyo urumuri rugaragaye cyane, urumuri rurushaho kugaragara. Ibi bishobora kuba atari ibintu ushobora kugenzura mu kazi, ariko ni ibintu abafotora bo muri studio bagomba kuzirikana.
Koresha agapfundikizo k'indorerwamo kuri buri lensi
5.Igihe cyouse lensfibiremereye
Noneho ko ufite ibikoresho byo gukosoralentileflare, reka dukore ibinyuranye n'ibyo. flare y'amabara y'indorerwamo si mbi gusa; mu by'ukuri, ishobora kuba nziza aho ari ho hose n'igihe icyo ari cyo cyose ushaka.
Kugira ngo urumuri rw'izuba runyure mu biti bisaba urumuri rw'indorerwamo. Amafoto y'impeshyi afite urumuri rw'indorerwamo agaragaza ubushyuhe bw'umunsi. Reba filime iyo ari yo yose ya siyansi igezweho uzabona urumuri rw'indorerwamo ahantu hose. Ni amahitamo y'ubwiza yiganjemo yongera ubukana n'amayobera ku hantu.
Ku bafotozi b'amafoto, uburyo bwo gutwikira amafoto y'ifoto ni igikoresho cyiza cyo gupfuka inyuma y'amafoto y'ifoto ndetse no ku matara y'urumuri. Bitera ibyishimo n'amatsiko. Niba koko ushaka kwakira no kunoza isura iri muri kamera, akayunguruzo k'umukara ni ubundi buryo bwiza (ariko buhoraho) aho gutunganya nyuma yo kuyatunganya.
Mu bihe bibi cyane, urumuri rw'indorerwamo rushobora kwangiza ifoto nziza cyane. Yego, ushobora kugarura itandukaniro ryatakaye cyangwa gukuraho imiterere idasanzwe nyuma yo gutunganya, ariko kubyirinda mbere na mbere ni igisubizo cyiza cyane. Shyira agapfundikizo k'indorerwamo ahantu heza, kanda buto yo kwerekana aho ubonye (niba kamera yawe ifite) kugira ngo urebe niba urumuri ruriho, kandi niba ibindi byose bikunaniye, bikorane intego n'umugambi. Kuko kumenya "amategeko" yo gufotora biguha impamvu nziza yo kuyaca nkana!
Ibitekerezo bya nyuma:
Mu gukorana n'inzobere muri ChuangAn, haba mu gushushanya no gukora ibintu bikorwa n'abahanga mu by'ubuhanga. Mu rwego rwo kugura, uhagarariye ikigo ashobora gusobanura mu buryo burambuye amakuru yihariye yerekeye ubwoko bwa lens wifuza kugura. Uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bya lens bya ChuangAn bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, kuva ku kugenzura, gupima, indege zitagira abapilote, imodoka kugeza ku mazu agezweho, n'ibindi. ChuangAn ifite ubwoko butandukanye bwa lens zarangiye, zishobora no guhindurwa cyangwa guhindurwa bitewe n'ibyo ukeneye. Twandikire vuba bishoboka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 26 Nzeri 2025
