Ikirahuri cyo kureba mu mashinini lenzi ya kamera y’inganda yagenewe by’umwihariko sisitemu yo kureba imashini. Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni ukwerekana ishusho y’ikintu cyafashwe ifoto kuri kamera kugira ngo ikusanyirize amashusho, itunganywe kandi isesengurwe mu buryo bwikora.
Ikoreshwa cyane mu nzego nyinshi nko gupima neza cyane, guteranya mu buryo bwikora, gupima bidasenya, no kugenzura robo.
1,Ihame ry'imashini ireba neza
Amahame y’indorerwamo z’imashini zireba ahanini akubiyemo amashusho y’urumuri, optique y’imiterere y’ijimetero, optique ifatika n’izindi nzego, harimo uburebure bw’inyuma, aho umuntu abona ibintu, aho ahagarara n’ibindi bipimo by’imikorere. Hanyuma, reka twige byinshi ku mahame y’indorerwamo z’imashini zireba ibintu.
Amahame yo gufata amashusho y'amaso.
Ihame ry'ishusho y'amajwi ni uko lensi ishyira urumuri kuri sensor binyuze mu matsinda menshi ya lensi (nk'amalensi yo mu kirere n'amalensi yo mu kirere) kugira ngo hakorwe ishusho y'ikintu mu buryo bwa digitale.
Aho itsinda ry'ikirahuri riherereye n'intera riri hagati y'ikirahuri mu nzira y'urumuri bizagira ingaruka ku burebure bw'ikirahuri, aho icyerekezo cy'ikirahuri giherereye, ubushobozi bwo kureba neza n'ibindi bipimo by'imikorere byacyo.
Amahame y'ikoranabuhanga rya geometric.
Ihame rya geometric optics ya lens ni ugushyira urumuri rugaragara ruturutse ku kintu ku buso bwa sensor hakurikijwe amategeko agenga urumuri no kugaragara kw'urumuri.
Muri iki gikorwa, ni ngombwa kurenga ikibazo cyo kutagira aho ubogamiye, kugoreka, kutagira aho ubogamiye hamwe n'ibindi bibazo by'indorerwamo kugira ngo hakorwe neza isuzuma.
Amahame y'imikorere y'amaso.
Mu gusesengura amashusho y’indorerwamo hakoreshejwe amahame ya fiziki y’urumuri, ni ngombwa kuzirikana imiterere y’imiraba n’ingaruka z’urumuri. Ibi bizagira ingaruka ku mikorere y’indorerwamo nko kureba neza, gutandukanya ibintu, gutatana, nibindi. Urugero, gusiga indorerwamo ku ndorerwamo bishobora gukemura ibibazo byo kugarura no gukwirakwira kw’ishusho no kunoza ubwiza bw’ishusho.
Ikirahuri cyo kureba cy'imashini
Uburebure bw'icyerekezo n'aho umuntu areba.
Uburebure bw'ikirahuri (focal lens) busobanura intera iri hagati y'ikintu n'irangi. Bugena ingano y'aho ikirahuri giherereye, ni ukuvuga ingano y'amashusho kamera ishobora gufata.
Uko uburebure bw'icyerekezo burushaho kuba burebure, ni ko urwego rw'ishusho rurushaho kuba ruto, kandi uko uburebure bw'icyerekezo burushaho kuba bunini, ni ko urwego rw'ishusho rurushaho kuba rugufi, kandi uko urwego rw'ishusho rurushaho kuba runini, ni ko urwego rw'ishusho rurushaho kuba ruto.
Umwobo n'ubujyakuzimu bw'umurima.
Umwobo ni umwobo ushobora guhindurwa muri lens ugenzura ingano y'urumuri runyura muri lens. Ingano y'uwo mwobo ishobora guhindura uburebure bw'umurima (ni ukuvuga urwego rusobanutse rw'amashusho), ibyo bigira ingaruka ku mucyo w'ishusho n'ubwiza bw'amashusho.
Uko umwobo urushaho kuba munini, niko urumuri rwinjira kandi uburebure bw'umurima burushaho kuba buke; uko umwobo urushaho kuba muto, niko urumuri rwinjira ruto kandi uburebure bw'umurima burushaho kuba bwinshi.
Umwanzuro.
Ubushobozi bwo gupima uburebure bw'ikirahuri (resolution) busobanura intera ntoya iyo lens ishobora gupima, kandi bukoreshwa mu gupima uburyo ishusho y'irangi igaragara neza. Uko ubushobozi bwo gupima uburebure bw'ikirahuri burushaho kuba bwiza, niko ishusho y'irangi irushaho kuba nziza.
Muri rusange, iyo bihuye, umwanzuro waindorerwamo y'imashini irebabigomba guhuza na pikseli za sensor, kugira ngo imikorere ya sisitemu ya lens ibashe gukoreshwa neza.
2,Imikorere ya lenzi yo kureba mu mashini
Sisitemu zo kureba imashini zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, inganda n'izindi nzego. Nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'iyi sisitemu yo kureba, indorerwamo z'imashini zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere n'ingaruka za sisitemu.
Imirimo y'ingenzi y'indorerwamo zo kureba mu mashini ni iyi ikurikira:
Fcyangwa ishusho.
Sisitemu yo kureba ikusanya amakuru yerekeye ikintu kigamije binyuze muri lens, hanyuma lens ishyira urumuri rwakusanyijwe kuri sensor ya kamera kugira ngo ikore ishusho isobanutse neza.
Imikorere y'indorerwamo z'amaso z'imashini
Bitanga aho umuntu areba.
Umwanya w'ishusho ya lensi ugena ingano n'umwanya w'ishusho y'ikintu kamera izakusanya. Guhitamo umwanya w'ishusho biterwa n'uburebure bw'ishusho ya lensi n'ingano ya sensor ya kamera.
Genzura urumuri.
Indorerwamo nyinshi zo kureba mu mashini zifite uburyo bwo guhindura imyobo igenzura ingano y'urumuri rwinjira muri kamera. Iyi mikorere ni ingenzi kugira ngo haboneke amashusho meza mu bihe bitandukanye by'urumuri.
Kugena umwanzuro.
Indorerwamo nziza ishobora gutanga amashusho asobanutse neza kandi afite ubusobanuro burambuye, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu kumenya no kumenya neza ibintu.
Gukosora uburyo amabara ya lens ahinduka.
Mu gushushanya indorerwamo z'imashini, guhindagurika bizakosorwa kugira ngo indorerwamo ibashe kubona ibisubizo nyabyo kandi nyabyo mu gihe cyo gutunganya amashusho.
Gushushanya ubwimbike.
Amwe mu ma lens agezweho ashobora gutanga amakuru yimbitse, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane ku mirimo nko kumenya ibintu, kumenya no kubishyiraho.
Ibitekerezo bya nyuma:
ChuangAn yakoze igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibanze n'umusaruro waindorerwamo zo kureba mu mashini, bikoreshwa mu bice byose by'uburyo bwo kureba bw'imashini. Niba ushishikajwe cyangwa ukeneye indorerwamo zo kureba z'imashini, twandikire vuba bishoboka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-04-2024
