Iterambere n'ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya optique byafashije ubuvuzi bwa none n'ubumenyi bw'ubuzima kwinjira mu cyiciro cy'iterambere ryihuse, nko kubaga mu buryo budakunze kugaragara, kuvura hakoreshejwe laser, gusuzuma indwara, ubushakashatsi ku binyabuzima, gusesengura ADN, n'ibindi.

Kubaga no gukoresha imiti

Uruhare rw'amatara mu kubaga no mu bijyanye n'imiti rugaragarira ahanini mu bintu bibiri: laser no mu imurikagurisha no gufata amashusho mu mubiri.

1. Gukoresha laser nk'isoko y'ingufu

Igitekerezo cyo kuvura hakoreshejwe laser cyashyizwe mu kubaga amaso mu myaka ya 1960. Ubwo ubwoko butandukanye bwa laser n'imiterere yabwo byamenyekanaga, kuvura hakoreshejwe laser byarushijeho kwaguka mu zindi nzego.

Inkomoko zitandukanye z'urumuri rwa laser (gas, solid, n'ibindi) zishobora gusohora laser za pulsed (Pulsed Lasers) na laser zikomeza (Continuous wave), zigira ingaruka zitandukanye ku ngingo zitandukanye z'umubiri w'umuntu. Izi soko z'urumuri zirimo ahanini: laser ya pulsed ruby ​​​​(Pulsed ruby ​​​​laser); laser ya argon ion ikomeza (CW argon ion laser); laser ya carbon dioxide ikomeza (CW CO2); laser ya yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG). Kubera ko laser ya carbon dioxide ikomeza na laser ya yttrium aluminum garnet zigira ingaruka zo gufungana kw'amaraso mu gihe cyo gukata ingingo z'umuntu, zikoreshwa cyane mu kubaga muri rusange.

Uburebure bw'ubushyuhe bwa laser bukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri rusange burenze 100 nm. Uburyo laser y'uburebure butandukanye mu ngingo zitandukanye z'umubiri w'umuntu ikoreshwa mu kwagura ibikorwa byayo mu buvuzi. Urugero, iyo uburebure bwa laser burenze 1um, amazi ni yo akoresha cyane. Laser ntishobora gusa gutanga ingaruka z'ubushyuhe mu kwinjiza ingingo z'umuntu mu kubaga no kuziba, ahubwo inatanga ingaruka z'imikorere.

Cyane cyane nyuma y’uko abantu bavumbuye ingaruka zitari iz’umurongo mugari za laser, nko gukora utubumbe two mu kanwa n’imiraba y’umuvuduko, laser zakoreshejwe mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri, nko kubaga cataract no kubaga impyiko amabuye. Laser ishobora kandi gukora ingaruka za photochemical kugira ngo iyobore imiti ya kanseri hamwe n’ibikoresho byoroshye kubona urumuri kugira ngo birekure ingaruka z’imiti ku bice bimwe na bimwe by’umubiri, nko kuvura PDT. Laser ihujwe na pharmacokinetics igira uruhare runini mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi bugezweho.

2. Gukoresha urumuri nk'igikoresho cyo kumurika no gufata amashusho mu mubiri

Kuva mu myaka ya 1990, CCD (Ifite Amafaranga AvanzeKamera yakoreshejwe mu kubaga mu buryo buciriritse (Minimally Invasive Therapy, MIT), kandi optique yagize impinduka mu miterere y'imikorere yo kubaga. Ingaruka zo gufata amashusho y'urumuri mu kubaga mu buryo buciriritse no mu buryo bufunguye zirimo cyane cyane endoscopes, micro-imaging systems, na surgical holographic imaging.

YoroshyeEndoscope, harimo gastroenteroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, angioscope, n'ibindi.

Inzira y'ijisho ry'inyuma (endoscope)

Inzira y'ijisho ry'inyuma y'ijisho ikubiyemo sisitemu ebyiri zigenga kandi zihujwe zo kumurika no gufata amashusho.

IkomeyeEndoscope, harimo arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, ventriculoscopy, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, otolinoscopy, n'ibindi.

Endoscope zikomeye muri rusange zigira inguni nyinshi z’inzira zihamye zo guhitamo, nka dogere 30, dogere 45, dogere 60, nibindi.

Kamera ntoya ni igikoresho gifata amashusho gishingiye ku buryo bwa CMOS na CCD. Urugero, endoscope ya capsule,PillCam. Ishobora kwinjira mu buryo bw'igogora mu mubiri w'umuntu kugira ngo isuzume ibisebe no gukurikirana ingaruka z'imiti.

Endoscope ya capsule

Mikorosikopi yo kubaga, igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kureba amashusho ya 3D y'ingingo nto mu kubaga neza, nko kubaga ubwonko mu kubaga craniotomy.

Mikorosikopi ya holographic yo kubaga

Incamake:

1. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe, ingaruka za mekanike, ingaruka zo kwiyongerera ubushyuhe hamwe n'izindi ngaruka za laboratwari za laser, ikoreshwa cyane nk'isoko y'ingufu mu kubaga mu buryo budakabije, mu kuvura mu buryo budakabije no mu kuvura imiti yihariye.

2. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gufata amashusho, ibikoresho byo gufata amashusho y'ubuvuzi byateye imbere cyane mu cyerekezo cyo gukora amashusho meza no kuyakoresha mu buryo buciriritse, bishyiraho urufatiro rwo kubaga mu buryo budakoresha uburyo bwinshi kandi bunoze mu mubiri. Kuri ubu, ibikoresho byo gufata amashusho y'ubuvuzi bikunze gukoreshwa cyane birimoendoskopi, amashusho ya holographic na sisitemu nto zo gufata amashusho.