Akayunguruzo k’ubucucike bwa Neutral ni iki?

Mu gufotora no mu byuma bipima urumuri, akayunguruzo k’ubucucike butagira aho bugarukira cyangwa akayunguruzo ka ND ni akayunguruzo kagabanya cyangwa gahindura ubukana bw’uburebure bw’urumuri cyangwa amabara yose y’urumuri kimwe nta guhindura ibara ry’ibara. Intego y’akayunguruzo k’ubucucike busanzwe bwo gufotora ni ukugabanya ingano y’urumuri rwinjira muri lens. Kubikora bituma umufotozi ahitamo uruvange rw’uburyo bwo gusohora urumuri, igihe cyo kugaragara, n’uburyo bwo kumva ibintu byashoboraga gutuma ifoto igaragara cyane. Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hagerwe ku ngaruka nko kuba uburebure bw’ubutaka cyangwa kubura ubwinshi bw’ibintu mu bihe bitandukanye no mu kirere.

Urugero, umuntu ashobora gushaka gufata ifoto y'amazi ku muvuduko muto wa shutter kugira ngo akore ingaruka yo kubura ubwiza bw'ishusho ku bushake. Umufotozi ashobora kwemeza ko umuvuduko wa shutter w'amasegonda icumi ukenewe kugira ngo agere ku ngaruka yifuza. Ku munsi w'amanywa cyane, hashobora kubaho urumuri rwinshi cyane, ndetse no ku muvuduko muto wa filime n'umwanya muto, umuvuduko wa shutter w'amasegonda 10 uzatuma urumuri rwinshi rwinjira kandi ifoto izaba igaragara cyane. Muri iki gihe, gukoresha akayunguruzo gakwiye k'ubucucike butagira aho bubogamiye bingana no guhagarika guhagarara kumwe cyangwa menshi, bigatuma umuvuduko wa shutter ugabanuka kandi n'ingaruka zo kubura ubwiza bw'ishusho wifuza.

Akayunguruzo k’ubucucike bwa neutral, kazwi kandi nka akayunguruzo ka ND gafite ibara rya graduated, akayunguruzo ka split neutral-density, cyangwa akayunguruzo ka graduated gusa, ni akayunguruzo k’urumuri gafite uburyo bwo kohereza urumuri buhindagurika. Ibi ni ingirakamaro iyo agace kamwe k’ishusho kari karabagirana naho agasigaye kaka, nk’uko bigaragara ku ifoto y’izuba rirenze. Imiterere y’aka kayunguruzo ni uko igice cyo hasi cy’ifoto kiba gifite urumuri rubonerana, kandi buhoro buhoro kikazamuka kikajya mu yandi mabara, nka gradient grey, gradient blue, gradient red, nibindi. Gashobora kugabanywamo akayunguruzo k’amabara ya gradient na gradient diffuse filter. Ukurikije imiterere ya gradient, gashobora kugabanywamo gradient yoroshye na gradient ikomeye. "Byoroshye" bivuze ko urwego rw’impinduka ari runini, kandi ibinyuranye n’ibyo. Akayunguruzo k’ubucucike gakunze gukoreshwa mu gufotora ahantu nyaburanga. Intego yako ni ukugira ngo igice cyo hejuru cy’ifoto kigere ku ibara runaka ryitezweho uretse kwemeza ko igice cyo hasi cy’ifoto kimeze nk’ibara risanzwe.

Uduce tw’ibara ry’umukara n’iry’umukara, tuzwi kandi nka GND filters, ari two twohereza urumuri igice kimwe n’igice kimwe, dufunga igice cy’urumuri rwinjira muri lens, dukoreshwa cyane. Dukoreshwa cyane cyane kugira ngo tubone uburyo bwo kwerekana neza bwemewe na kamera mu buryo burambuye mu gufotora mu murima, gufotora mu muvuduko muto, no mu miterere y’urumuri rukomeye. Nanone ikoreshwa mu kuringaniza ijwi. Agace k’ibara ry’umukara n’iry’umukara gakoreshwa mu kuringaniza itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibice byo hejuru n’ibyo hasi cyangwa ibumoso n’ibyo hasi. Akenshi gakoreshwa mu kugabanya urumuri rw’ikirere no kugabanya itandukaniro riri hagati y’ikirere n’ubutaka. Uretse kwemeza ko igice cyo hasi gishyirwa ku buryo busanzwe, gashobora kugabanya urumuri rw’ikirere cyo hejuru, bigatuma ihinduka hagati y’urumuri n’umwijima ryoroha, kandi gashobora kugaragaza neza imiterere y’ibicu. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa filters za GND, kandi ikigereranyo cy’umukara nacyo kiratandukanye. Buhoro buhoro buva ku ibara ry’umukara ryijimye rikajya ku ibara ridafite. Akenshi, hafatwa icyemezo cyo kugikoresha nyuma yo gupima itandukaniro rya ecran. Shyira ahagaragara hakurikijwe agaciro k’igice kidafite ibara, kandi ukosore bimwe na bimwe bibaye ngombwa.