Kaupapa wehewehenga-wāhanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana o te infrared

Ko tētahi kaupapa wehewehenga whānui o te hihi infrared (IR) e ahu mai ana i te whānuitanga o ngā roangaru. Ko te whānuitanga IR e wehea whānuitia ana ki ngā rohe e whai ake nei:

Pūoko-tāwhiti (NIR):Kei waenganui i te 700 nanometer (nm) ki te 1.4 maikiromita (μm) te roanga ngaru o tēnei rohe. He maha ngā whakamahinga o te hihi NIR i roto i te tirohanga mamao, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero muka whatu nā te iti o ngā ngaronga whakaiti i roto i te reo karāhe SiO2 (silica). He tairongo ngā whakanui whakaahua ki tēnei rohe o te whānuitanga; hei tauira, ko ngā taputapu tirohanga pō pērā i ngā mōhiti tirohanga pō. Ko te tirohanga tata-whero tētahi atu whakamahinga noa.

Pūwero pōkākā poto-roa (SWIR):E mōhiotia ana hoki ko te rohe "pōkākāriki ngaru poto" ko te "SWIR" rānei, e toro atu ana mai i te 1.4 μm ki te 3 μm. E whakamahia whānuitia ana te irahiko SWIR i roto i ngā mahi whakaahua, tirotiro, me te tirotiro ira.

Pūwero whero waenga-ngaru (MWIR):Ko te rohe MWIR e horapa ana mai i te 3 μm ki te 8 μm pea. He maha ngā whakamahinga o tēnei awhe i roto i ngā whakaahua wera, ngā arotahi hōia, me ngā pūnaha kimi hau.

Pūwero whero-roa (LWIR):Kei te rohe LWIR ngā roangaru mai i te 8 μm ki te 15 μm. He mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā whakaahua wera, ngā pūnaha tirohanga pō, me ngā ine pāmahana kore-pā.

Pūangi-matara (FIR):Kei waenganui i te 15 μm ki te 1 mirimita (mm) te roanga ngaru o tēnei rohe. He maha ngā whakamahinga o te irahiko FIR i roto i ngā mahi whetū, te tirotiro mamao, me ētahi mahi hauora.

Te tūtohi whānuitanga roangaru

Ko te NIR me te SWIR ngātahi ka kiia i ētahi wā ko te "infrared whakaata", ko te MWIR ia me te LWIR ka kiia i ētahi wā ko te "infrared wera".

二、Nga tono infrared

Te tirohanga pō

He mea nui te mahi a te infrared (IR) i roto i ngā taputapu tirohanga pō, e āhei ai te kite me te whakaatu i ngā mea i roto i ngā taiao pōuriuri, pōuriuri rānei. Ko ngā taputapu tirohanga pō whakanui whakaahua tuku iho, pērā i ngā mōhiti tirohanga pō, i ngā monocular rānei, ka whakanui ake i te mārama taiao e wātea ana, tae atu ki ngā hihi IR katoa e wātea ana. Ka whakamahia e ēnei taputapu he photocathode hei huri i ngā photon e haere mai ana, tae atu ki ngā photon IR, hei irahiko. Kātahi ka whakatereterehia, ka whakanuia hoki ngā irahiko hei hanga i tētahi ahua e kitea ana. Ko ngā whakamārama infrared, e tuku ana i te mārama IR, ka whakauruhia ki roto i ēnei taputapu hei whakarei ake i te tirohanga i roto i te pōuriuri, i ngā āhuatanga pōuriuri rānei, ina kore e ranea te hihi IR taiao.

Taiao iti te mārama

Te Whakamahana

Ka taea te whakamahi i te hihi infrared hei whakatau i te pāmahana o ngā mea mai i tawhiti (mēnā e mōhiotia ana te kaha whakaputa). Ka kiia tēnei ko te thermography, ā, mō ngā mea tino wera i roto i te NIR, i te mea e kitea ana rānei, ka kiia ko te pyrometry. Ko te thermography (whakaahua wera) e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi hōia me ngā mahi ahumahi, engari kei te tae atu te hangarau ki te mākete tūmatanui i roto i te ahua o ngā kāmera infrared i runga i ngā motuka nā te mea kua tino heke ngā utu whakaputa.

Ngā tono whakaahua wera

Ka taea te whakamahi i te hihi infrared hei whakatau i te pāmahana o ngā mea mai i tawhiti (mēnā e mōhiotia ana te kaha whakaputa). Ka kiia tēnei ko te thermography, ā, mō ngā mea tino wera i roto i te NIR, i te mea e kitea ana rānei, ka kiia ko te pyrometry. Ko te thermography (whakaahua wera) e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi hōia me ngā mahi ahumahi, engari kei te tae atu te hangarau ki te mākete tūmatanui i roto i te ahua o ngā kāmera infrared i runga i ngā motuka nā te mea kua tino heke ngā utu whakaputa.

Ka kitea e ngā kāmera whakamahana te hihi i roto i te whānuitanga o te pūwhero-whero o te whānuitanga hikohiko (tata ki te 9,000–14,000 nanometer, 9–14 μm rānei) ā, ka puta he whakaahua o taua hihi. Nā te mea ka tukuna te hihi pūwhero-whero e ngā mea katoa i runga i ō rātou pāmahana, e ai ki te ture hihi tinana-pango, mā te whakamahana ka taea te "kite" i te taiao o te tangata me te māramatanga kitea, kāore rānei. Ka piki ake te nui o te hihi e tukuna ana e te mea me te pāmahana, nō reira ka taea e te whakamahana te kite i ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana.

Whakaahua Hyperspectral

Ko te whakaahua hyperspectral he "pikitia" kei roto te whānuitanga o te whānuitanga o te hihi i ia pika. Kei te piki haere te hiranga o te whakaahua hyperspectral i roto i te mara o te tātaritanga tono, inā koa me ngā rohe hihi NIR, SWIR, MWIR, me LWIR. Ko ngā tono noa ko ngā inenga koiora, mineralographic, parepare, me te ahumahi.

Te ahua hyperspectral

Ka taea hoki te mahi whakaahua irahiko whero wera mā te whakamahi i tētahi kāmera whakaahua wera, engari ko te rerekētanga matua he whānuitanga LWIR katoa kei roto i ia pika. Nō reira, ka taea te tautuhi matū o te mea me te kore e hiahiatia he pūtake mārama o waho pērā i te Rā, i te Marama rānei. Ko ēnei kāmera he mea whakamahi noa mō ngā inenga whenua, te tirotiro o waho me ngā tono UAV.

Te whakamahana

Ka taea te whakamahi i te hihi infrared (IR) hei pūtake whakamahana ātaahua i roto i ngā momo mahi. Ko te take matua o tēnei ko te kaha o te hihi IR ki te whakawhiti tika i te wera ki ngā mea, ki ngā mata rānei, me te kore e wera nui te hau e karapoti ana. Ka taea te whakamahi i te hihi infrared (IR) hei pūtake whakamahana ātaahua i roto i ngā momo mahi. Ko te take matua o tēnei ko te kaha o te hihi IR ki te whakawhiti tika i te wera ki ngā mea, ki ngā mata rānei, me te kore e wera nui te hau e karapoti ana.

Te pūtake whakamahana

He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te hihi infrared i roto i ngā tukanga whakamahana ahumahi. Hei tauira, i roto i te hangahanga, ka whakamahia ngā rama IR, ngā panera rānei hei whakamahana i ngā rauemi, pērā i ngā kirihou, ngā konganuku, ngā paninga rānei, hei whakamaroke, hei whakamaroke, hei hanga rānei. Ka taea te whakahaere me te ārahi tika i te hihi IR, kia tere ai te whakamahana i ngā wāhi motuhake.