ʻO ka papahana mahele ʻāpana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia o ka infrared

ʻO kekahi papahana mahele mahele maʻamau o ka radiation infrared (IR) e pili ana i ka pae nalu. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ua māhele ʻia ka spectrum IR i nā ʻāpana penei:

Kokoke-infrared (NIR):Aia kēia ʻāpana mai kahi o 700 nanometers (nm) a i 1.4 micrometers (μm) i ka nalu. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka radiation NIR i ka ʻike mamao, ke kelepona fiber optic ma muli o ka pohō attenuation haʻahaʻa i loko o ke aniani SiO2 (silica) medium. Hoʻopili nā mea hoʻoikaika kiʻi i kēia ʻāpana o ka spectrum; ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona e komo pū me nā mea ʻike pō e like me nā goggles ʻike pō. ʻO ka spectroscopy kokoke-infrared kekahi noi maʻamau.

ʻO ka infrared pōkole-nalu (SWIR):ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia ka ʻāpana "shortwave infrared" a i ʻole "SWIR", hoʻolōʻihi ia mai kahi o 1.4 μm a i 3 μm. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka radiation SWIR i nā noi kiʻi, nānā ʻana, a me spectroscopy.

ʻO ka infrared waena-nalu (MWIR):ʻO ka ʻāpana MWIR mai kahi o 3 μm a i 8 μm. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia pae i nā kiʻi wela, ka hoʻolālā koa, a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻike kinoea.

ʻO ka infrared lōʻihi-nalu (LWIR):Uhi ka ʻāpana LWIR i nā nalu mai kahi o 8 μm a 15 μm. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ke kiʻi wela, nā ʻōnaehana ʻike pō, a me nā ana wela ʻaʻole pili.

ʻO ka infrared mamao (FIR):Hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kēia ʻāpana mai kahi o 15 μm a i 1 millimeter (mm) i ka nalu. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka radiation FIR i ka ʻike hōkū, ka ʻike mamao, a me kekahi mau noi lapaʻau.

Kiʻikuhi laulā nalu

ʻO NIR a me SWIR i hui pū ʻia i kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo "reflected infrared", ʻoiai ʻo MWIR a me LWIR i kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo "thermal infrared".

二、Nā noi o ka infrared

ʻIke pō

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko Infrared (IR) i nā lako ʻike pō, e hiki ai ke ʻike a me ka nānā ʻana i nā mea i nā wahi haʻahaʻa a pouli paha. ʻO nā mea ʻike pō hoʻoikaika kiʻi kuʻuna, e like me nā goggles ʻike pō a i ʻole nā ​​monoculars, e hoʻonui i ka mālamalama ambient i loaʻa, me nā radiation IR i loaʻa. Hoʻohana kēia mau mea i kahi photocathode e hoʻololi i nā photons e hiki mai ana, me nā photons IR, i mau electrons. A laila hoʻolalelale ʻia a hoʻonui ʻia nā electrons e hana i kahi kiʻi ʻike ʻia. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻomālamalama infrared, e hoʻopuka ana i ka mālamalama IR, i loko o kēia mau mea e hoʻonui i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pouli piha a i ʻole nā ​​​​kūlana haʻahaʻa kahi i lawa ʻole ai ka radiation IR ambient.

Kaiapuni haʻahaʻa kukui

Hoʻohana ʻia ka Thermography

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation infrared e hoʻoholo mamao i ka mahana o nā mea (inā ʻike ʻia ka emissivity). Ua kapa ʻia kēia he thermography, a i ʻole i ke ʻano o nā mea wela loa i loko o ka NIR a i ʻole ʻike ʻia ua kapa ʻia ʻo pyrometry. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Thermography (thermal imaging) i nā noi koa a me nā ʻoihana akā ke hōʻea nei ka ʻenehana i ka mākeke lehulehu ma ke ʻano o nā kāmela infrared ma nā kaʻa ma muli o ka emi nui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai hana.

Nā noi kiʻi wela

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation infrared e hoʻoholo mamao i ka mahana o nā mea (inā ʻike ʻia ka emissivity). Ua kapa ʻia kēia he thermography, a i ʻole i ke ʻano o nā mea wela loa i loko o ka NIR a i ʻole ʻike ʻia ua kapa ʻia ʻo pyrometry. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Thermography (thermal imaging) i nā noi koa a me nā ʻoihana akā ke hōʻea nei ka ʻenehana i ka mākeke lehulehu ma ke ʻano o nā kāmela infrared ma nā kaʻa ma muli o ka emi nui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai hana.

ʻIke nā kāmela thermographic i ka radiation ma ka pae infrared o ka electromagnetic spectrum (ma kahi o 9,000–14,000 nanometers a i ʻole 9–14 μm) a hana i nā kiʻi o kēlā radiation. ʻOiai ua hoʻopuka ʻia ka radiation infrared e nā mea āpau ma muli o ko lākou mahana, e like me ke kānāwai radiation kino ʻeleʻele, hiki i ka thermography ke "ʻike" i ke kaiapuni o kekahi me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia a i ʻole. Hoʻonui ka nui o ka radiation i hoʻopuka ʻia e kahi mea me ka mahana, no laila hiki i ka thermography ke ʻike i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mahana.

Kiʻi Hyperspectral

ʻO ke kiʻi hyperspectral he "kiʻi" e loaʻa ana ka spectrum hoʻomau ma o kahi laulā spectral ākea ma kēlā me kēia pixel. Ke lilo nei ke kiʻi Hyperspectral i mea nui ma ke kahua o ka spectroscopy i hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻāpana spectral NIR, SWIR, MWIR, a me LWIR. ʻO nā noi maʻamau e pili ana i nā ana biological, mineralogical, pale kaua, a me nā ana ʻoihana.

ʻO ke kiʻi hyperspectral

Hiki ke hana like ʻia ke kiʻi ʻana i ka hyperspectral infrared thermal me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kāmela thermographic, me ka ʻokoʻa nui e loaʻa ana i kēlā me kēia pixel kahi spectrum LWIR piha. No laila, hiki ke hana ʻia ka ʻike kemika o ka mea me ka ʻole o ka pono no kahi kumu kukui waho e like me ka Lā a i ʻole ka Mahina. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēlā mau kāmela no nā ana geological, ka nānā ʻana i waho a me nā noi UAV.

Hoʻomehana ʻana

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation infrared (IR) ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻomehana i manaʻo ʻia ma nā ʻano hana like ʻole. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia ma muli o ka hiki o ka radiation IR ke hoʻoili pololei i ka wela i nā mea a i ʻole nā ​​ʻili me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomehana nui ʻana i ka ea a puni. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation infrared (IR) ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻomehana i manaʻo ʻia ma nā ʻano hana like ʻole. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia ma muli o ka hiki o ka radiation IR ke hoʻoili pololei i ka wela i nā mea a i ʻole nā ​​ʻili me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomehana nui ʻana i ka ea a puni.

ʻO ke kumu hoʻomehana

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka radiation infrared i nā kaʻina hana hoʻomehana ʻoihana like ʻole. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kukui IR a i ʻole nā ​​​​panel e hoʻomehana i nā mea, e like me nā plastics, nā metala, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​uhi, no ka hoʻōla ʻana, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻomalu pololei ʻia a kuhikuhi ʻia ka radiation IR, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻomehana maikaʻi a wikiwiki hoʻi ma nā wahi kikoʻī.