Ikristale yeGe

Igama elithi “Ge crystal” lidla ngokubhekisa kwikristale eyenziwe nge-element germanium (Ge), eyi-semiconductor material. I-Germanium idla ngokusetyenziswa kwicandelo le-infrared optics kunye ne-photonics ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kwiikristale ze-germanium kunye nezicelo zazo:

1. Iifestile ze-Infrared kunye neeLenses: I-Germanium ibonakala ngokucacileyo kummandla we-infrared we-electromagnetic spectrum, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphakathi kwamaza kunye ne-long-wave infrared. Le propati iyenza ifaneleke ukwenza iifestile kunye neelensi ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zemifanekiso yobushushu, iikhamera ze-infrared, kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-optical ezisebenza kumaza e-infrared.
2. Izixhobo zokufumanisa: I-Germanium ikwasetyenziswa njengesiseko sokwenza izixhobo zokubona ukukhanya nge-infrared, ezifana nee-photodiode kunye nee-photoconductors. Ezi zixhobo zokubona ukukhanya nge-infrared zinokuguqula imitha ye-infrared ibe yisignali yombane, nto leyo evumela ukufunyanwa nokulinganiswa kokukhanya kwe-infrared.
3. I-SpectroscopyIikristale zeGermanium zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ze-infrared spectroscopy. Zingasetyenziswa njengee-beamsplitters, iiprisms, kunye neefestile ukulawula nokuhlalutya ukukhanya kwe-infrared ukuze kuhlalutywe iikhemikhali kunye nezinto.
4. I-Laser Optics: I-Germanium ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezibonakalayo kwiilaser ze-infrared, ingakumbi ezo zisebenza kuluhlu lwe-infrared oluphakathi. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-gain medium okanye njengenxalenye kwi-laser cavities.
5. Isithuba kunye neenkwenkwezi: Iikristale zeGermanium zisetyenziswa kwiiteleskopu ze-infrared nakwiindawo zokujonga izinto ezisemajukujukwini ukuze kufundwa ngezinto zasezulwini ezikhupha imitha ye-infrared. Zinceda abaphandi ukuba baqokelele ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nendalo iphela olungabonakaliyo ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo.

Iikristale zeGermanium zingakhuliswa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nendlela yeCzochralski (CZ) okanye indlela yeFloat Zone (FZ). Ezi nkqubo ziquka ukunyibilikisa nokuqinisa igermanium ngendlela elawulwayo ukuze kwenziwe iikristale ezizimeleyo ezineempawu ezithile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba nangona i-germanium ineempawu ezizodwa ze-infrared optics, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe zizinto ezifana neendleko, ukufumaneka, kunye noluhlu lwayo lokudlulisela oluncinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ze-infrared ezifana ne-zinc selenide (ZnSe) okanye i-zinc sulfide (ZnS). Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ye-optical.