Zipangizo zapulasitiki ndi jekeseni wopangira ma lenzi ndiye maziko a ma lenzi ang'onoang'ono. Kapangidwe ka lenzi yapulasitiki kamaphatikizapo zinthu za lenzi, mbiya ya lenzi, malo oikira lenzi, malo osungira, pepala lopaka mthunzi, zinthu zozungulira, ndi zina zotero.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zipangizo za lenzi za magalasi apulasitiki, zomwe zonse ndi pulasitiki (high molecular polymer). Ndi ma thermoplastics, mapulasitiki omwe amafewa ndikukhala pulasitiki akatenthedwa, amalimba akazizira, ndi kufewa akatenthedwanso. Kusintha kwa thupi komwe kumabweretsa kusintha kosinthika pakati pa madzi ndi olimba pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha ndi kuzizira. Zipangizo zina zidapangidwa kale ndipo zina ndi zatsopano. Zina ndi mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndipo zina ndi zipangizo zapulasitiki zopangidwa mwapadera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magawo ena a kuwala.

Mu kapangidwe ka kuwala, tingaone mitundu ya zinthu zamakampani osiyanasiyana, monga EP8000, K26R, APL5015, OKP-1 ndi zina zotero. Zonse ndi za mtundu winawake wa zinthu zapulasitiki, ndipo mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yofala kwambiri, ndipo tidzazisankha malinga ndi nthawi yomwe zimawonekera:

Magalasi apulasitiki

• l PMMA/Akiliriki:Poly(methyl methacrylate), polymethyl methacrylate (plexiglass, acrylic). Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika, kutumiza kwamphamvu, komanso mphamvu yayikulu yamakina, PMMA ndiye cholowa m'malo mwa galasi chodziwika kwambiri m'moyo. Mapulasitiki ambiri owonekera amapangidwa ndi PMMA, monga mbale zowonekera, masipuni owonekera, ndi ma LED ang'onoang'ono, lenzi ndi zina zotero. PMMA yapangidwa mochuluka kuyambira m'ma 1930.
• PS:Polystyrene, polystyrene, ndi thermoplastic yopanda utoto komanso yowonekera bwino, komanso pulasitiki yaukadaulo, yomwe idayamba kupangidwa mochuluka m'ma 1930. Mabokosi ambiri oyera a thovu ndi mabokosi a nkhomaliro omwe ndi ofala m'miyoyo yathu amapangidwa ndi zipangizo za PS.
• PC:Polycarbonate, polycarbonate, ndi thermoplastic yopanda utoto komanso yowonekera bwino, komanso ndi pulasitiki yogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Inangopangidwa m'mafakitale m'zaka za m'ma 1960. Kukana kwa zinthu za PC ndikwabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mabaketi otulutsira madzi, magalasi agalasi, ndi zina zotero.
• l COP & COC:Cyclic olefin Polymer (COP), Cyclic olefin polymer; Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) Cyclic olefin copolymer, ndi chinthu cha polima chowonekera bwino chomwe chili ndi kapangidwe ka mphete, chokhala ndi ma bond awiri a kaboni-kaboni mu mphete. Ma hydrocarbon ozungulira amapangidwa kuchokera ku cyclic olefin monomers ndi self-polymerization (COP) kapena copolymerization (COC) ndi mamolekyu ena (monga ethylene). Makhalidwe a COP ndi COC ndi ofanana. Zinthuzi ndi zatsopano. Pamene zinapangidwa koyamba, zinkaganiziridwa makamaka pa ntchito zina zokhudzana ndi kuwala. Tsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amafilimu, ma lens optical, chiwonetsero, ndi zamankhwala (mabotolo opaka). COP inamaliza kupanga mafakitale cha m'ma 1990, ndipo COC inamaliza kupanga mafakitale isanafike chaka cha 2000.
• l O-PET:Ulusi wa polyester wowala wa O-PET, womwe ndi ulusi wa polyester wowala, unagulitsidwa ku Osaka m'zaka za m'ma 2010.

Pofufuza zinthu zowunikira, timaganizira kwambiri za mawonekedwe awo owunikira komanso makina.

Kuwala kwa pma roperties

• Chizindikiro Chosasinthika & Kufalikira

Chizindikiro cha refractive ndi dispersion

Kuchokera pachithunzichi chachifupikitso, titha kuwona kuti zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapulasitiki zowala zimagawidwa m'magawo awiri: gulu limodzi ndi chizindikiro cha refractive chapamwamba ndi kufalikira kwakukulu; gulu lina ndi chizindikiro cha refractive chapansi ndi kufalikira kochepa. Poyerekeza kuchuluka kwa refractive chaching'ono ndi kufalikira kwa zipangizo zagalasi, tidzapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa refractive cha zipangizo zapulasitiki ndi kochepa kwambiri, ndipo zipangizo zonse zapulasitiki zowala zimakhala ndi chizindikiro cha refractive chapansi. Kawirikawiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zapulasitiki ndi yocheperako, ndipo pali mitundu pafupifupi 10 mpaka 20 yazinthu zamalonda, zomwe zimalepheretsa kwambiri ufulu wa kapangidwe ka kuwala pankhani ya zipangizo.

Chizindikiro cha refractive chimasiyana malinga ndi kutalika kwa thambo: Chizindikiro cha refractive cha zipangizo zapulasitiki zowala chimawonjezeka malinga ndi kutalika kwa thambo, chiwerengero cha refractive chimachepa pang'ono, ndipo zonse zimakhala zokhazikika.

Chizindikiro cha refractive chimasintha ndi kutentha Dn/DT: Chiwerengero cha kutentha cha chizindikiro cha refractive cha mapulasitiki optical ndi chachikulu nthawi 6 mpaka 50 kuposa cha galasi, chomwe ndi mtengo woipa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutentha kukakwera, chizindikiro cha refractive chimachepa. Mwachitsanzo, pa kutalika kwa mafunde a 546nm, -20°C mpaka 40°C, mtengo wa dn/dT wa zinthu za pulasitiki ndi -8 mpaka -15X10^–5/°C, pomwe mosiyana, mtengo wa zinthu zagalasi NBK7 ndi 3X10^–6/°C.

• Kutumiza

Kutumiza

Ponena za chithunzichi, mapulasitiki ambiri owoneka bwino ali ndi mphamvu yoposa 90% mu gulu lowala looneka; alinso ndi mphamvu yabwino yotumizira ma infrared band a 850nm ndi 940nm, omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'magetsi. Kutumiza kwa zinthu zapulasitiki kudzachepanso pang'ono pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti pulasitiki imayamwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet padzuwa, ndipo unyolo wa mamolekyu umasweka kuti uwonongeke ndikulumikizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo. Kuwonekera koonekera bwino kwambiri kwa zinthu zapulasitiki ndi chikasu.

• Kupsinjika Maganizo

Kujambula kwa Lens

Kupsinjika kwa birefringence (Birefringence) ndi chizindikiro cha kuwala cha zinthu. Chizindikiro cha refractive cha zinthu chikugwirizana ndi momwe polarization imakhalira komanso momwe kuwala kumafalikira. Zinthuzo zimasonyeza zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za refraction pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana za polarization. Kwa machitidwe ena, refractive index deviation iyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo siili ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa dongosolo, koma kwa machitidwe ena apadera a kuwala, kupotoka kumeneku ndikokwanira kuwononga kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo.

Zipangizo zapulasitiki zokha sizili ndi makhalidwe a anisotropic, koma kupanga mapulasitiki pogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni kumabweretsa birefringence yopsinjika. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kupsinjika komwe kumachitika panthawi yopangira jakisoni ndi kapangidwe ka ma macromolecule apulasitiki pambuyo pozizira. Kupsinjika nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupi ndi doko lopangira jakisoni, monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa chikusonyezera.

Kapangidwe ndi mfundo yopangira zinthu ndi kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa birefringence mu kuwala kogwira ntchito, komwe kumafuna kapangidwe koyenera ka kapangidwe ka lenzi, nkhungu yopangira jekeseni ndi magawo opangira. Pakati pa zipangizo zingapo, zipangizo za PC zimakhala ndi vuto la birefringence yopsinjika (pafupifupi nthawi 10 kuposa zipangizo za PMMA), ndipo zipangizo za COP, COC, ndi PMMA zili ndi birefringence yocheperako.