Crystal ya Ge

"Gristalo wa Ge" nthawi zambiri amatanthauza galasi lopangidwa kuchokera ku chinthu cha germanium (Ge), chomwe ndi chinthu cha semiconductor. Germanium nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa infrared optics ndi photonics chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera.

Nazi zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa makhiristo a germanium ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito:

1. Mawindo ndi Magalasi a Infrared: Germanium imaonekera bwino m'dera la infrared la electromagnetic spectrum, makamaka m'magawo a infrared a mid-wave ndi a long-wave. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kupanga mawindo ndi magalasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakina ojambulira kutentha, makamera a infrared, ndi zida zina zowunikira zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu mafunde a infrared.
2. Zipangizo zoyesera: Germanium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati gawo lopangira zida zowunikira za infrared, monga ma photodiode ndi ma photoconductor. Zida zowunikirazi zimatha kusintha kuwala kwa infrared kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi, zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira ndi kuyeza kuwala kwa infrared.
3. Kujambula zithunziMakristalo a germanium amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zowunikira ma infrared spectroscopy. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zopatulira, ma prism, ndi mawindo kuti azitha kusintha ndikuwunika kuwala kwa infrared kuti azitha kusanthula mankhwala ndi zinthu.
4. Laser Optics: Germanium ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chinthu chowunikira mu ma laser ena a infrared, makamaka omwe amagwira ntchito mu mid-infrared range. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gain medium kapena ngati gawo la ma laser cavities.
5. Malo ndi Zakuthambo: Makristalo a Germanium amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma telescope a infrared ndi malo owonera zinthu zakuthambo kuti aphunzire zinthu zakuthambo zomwe zimatulutsa kuwala kwa infrared. Amathandiza ofufuza kusonkhanitsa chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali chokhudza chilengedwe chonse chomwe sichikuwoneka mu kuwala kooneka.

Makristalo a Germanium amatha kulimidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, monga njira ya Czochralski (CZ) kapena njira ya Float Zone (FZ). Njirazi zimaphatikizapo kusungunula ndi kulimbitsa germanium mwanjira yolamulidwa kuti apange makristasi amodzi okhala ndi mawonekedwe enaake.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngakhale germanium ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera a infrared optics, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha zinthu monga mtengo, kupezeka, komanso kuchuluka kwake kochepa kwa ma transmission poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina za infrared monga zinc selenide (ZnSe) kapena zinc sulfide (ZnS). Kusankha kwa zinthu kumadalira momwe makina owunikira amagwirira ntchito komanso zofunikira zake.