Ge Crystal

Ko te "kiriata Ge" e pā ana ki tētahi kiriata i hangaia mai i te huānga germanium (Ge), he rauemi haurua-ira. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te germanium i roto i te mara o ngā karu whatu me ngā whakaahua-ā-ira nā ōna āhuatanga ahurei.

Anei ētahi āhuatanga matua o ngā tioata germanium me ā rātou tono:

1. Ngā Matapihi me ngā Arotahi o te Pūwero-wheroHe mārama te Germanium i te rohe pūwhero o te whānuitanga hikohiko, inā koa i ngā whānuitanga pūwhero waenga-ngaru me ngā whānuitanga pūwhero roa. Nā tēnei āhuatanga i pai ai mō te hanga matapihi me ngā karāhe e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha whakaahua wera, ngā kāmera pūwhero, me ētahi atu taputapu whatu e mahi ana i roto i ngā roangaru pūwhero.
2. Ngā PūokoKa whakamahia hoki te germanium hei papa mō te hanga i ngā pūoko hihi infrared, pērā i ngā photodiode me ngā photoconductors. Ka taea e ēnei pūoko te huri i te hihi infrared hei tohu hiko, ka taea ai te kimi me te ine i te mārama infrared.
3. MatawaiE whakamahia ana ngā tioata germanium i roto i ngā taputapu tirotiro hihi whero-whero. Ka taea te whakamahi hei wehewehe hihi, hei porotiti, hei matapihi hoki hei whakahaere me te tātari i te mārama whero-whero mō te tātari matū me te tātari rauemi.
4. Ngā Tirohanga ReeraKa taea te whakamahi i te germanium hei rauemi whatu i roto i ētahi taiaho pūwhero-whero, inā koa ko ērā e mahi ana i te awhe waenga-pūwhero. Ka taea te whakamahi hei reo whakanui, hei wāhanga rānei i roto i ngā kōhao taiaho.
5. Te Wāhi me te Tātai AhureaE whakamahia ana ngā tioata germanium i roto i ngā karu tiro infrared me ngā whare tirotiro i te wāhi mokemoke hei ako i ngā mea o te rangi e tuku ana i te hihi infrared. Ka āwhina ēnei i ngā kairangahau ki te kohikohi i ngā mōhiotanga whai hua mō te ao whānui kāore e kitea i te māramatanga kitea.

Ka taea te whakatipu tioata germanium mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga maha, pērā i te tikanga Czochralski (CZ) me te tikanga Float Zone (FZ). Ko ēnei tukanga he whakarewa me te whakatōtika i te germanium i roto i te tikanga whakahaere kia hangaia he tioata takitahi me ngā āhuatanga motuhake.

He mea nui kia mōhiotia ahakoa he āhuatanga ahurei tō te germanium mō ngā whatu infrared, he iti noa iho te whakamahinga o tēnei mea nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te utu, te wātea, me tōna whānuitanga tuku whāiti ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu rauemi infrared pēnei i te zinc selenide (ZnSe) te zinc sulfide rānei (ZnS). Ko te whiriwhiri rauemi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tono me ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te pūnaha whatu.